创新与融合——麻省理工学院新工程教育改革概况及启示

Innovation and integration:Overview and enlightenment of new engineering education transformation of MIT

新一轮科技革命和产业变革向工程教育提出了新要求。面对产业发展需求,如何建立前瞻性的新知识、新技术体系,培养学生解决实际工程问题的能力,成为当前我国工程教育改革的当务之急。以全球新工程教育改革的领跑者麻省理工学院为例,对其“新工程教育改革”计划进行系统梳理,研究新工程教育改革原则,解析以“项目为中心”的串编课程体系,从教师、学生、社会力量的视角探讨工程教育的治理模式,并重点分析工程教育思维模式、工程教育实践、师生角色转变与校企融合等方面的创新举措,提出适合我国工程教育发展的建议,以期为新时代工程教育改革提供借鉴与启示。

The fast growth of a fresh phase of scientific and technical revolution and industrial transformation has prompted new engineering education requirements.Faced with the demands of future industrial development and the weakness of existing engineering education,China’s new engineering education transformation has made it a top priority to cultivate students with forward-looking new knowledge and technology systems and the ability to solve future problems for new engineering construction.This paper examined MIT’s New Engineering Education Reform plan in detail,covering the plan’s guiding principles,project-centered threads,and governance mode,using MIT as an example of a global leader in the new engineering education transformation.In addition,it analyzed innovative methods in training mode,curriculum system,and governance mode,namely integrating thinking mode into NEET project,integrating engineering education into practice,changing roles of teacher and student and integrating school and enterprise,and put forward development suggestions for China’s engineering education.This paper is to serve as a resource and shed light on China’s engineering education reform in the new era.