天津站综合交通枢纽特色下的无偿献血者分析及精准招募策略

Analysis of unpaid blood donors and precise recruitment strategy under the characteristics of Tianjin Railway Station's comprehensive transportation hub

目的结合天津站综合交通枢纽特色,分析天津站地区不同人群献血特征,制定符合车站特色的精准招募策略。方法收集2017-2020年天津站地区(天津站献血车、天津站献血屋、天津站后广场献血车)献血者作为研究对象,回顾性分析不同户籍、性别、职业、年龄及文化程度的人群献血情况及初筛淘汰情况,并对数据进行统计分析。结果对比后发现天津站地区无偿献血者人数及献血量四年呈逐年增长趋势(2020年受新冠疫情影响,采血量有所下降),为血液中心采血主力军。其中非本地居住六个月以上献血者最多(61.7%),男性(84.2%)明显多于女性(15.8%),不同职业中工人(32.6%)和职员(27.2%)占比最高,18-25岁献血者最多(33.4%),初中(30.3%)及高中(24.8%)献血者最多。不同人群中均以400mL献血量为主且初次献血者最多,初筛不合格中男性(7.5%、3.1%)的谷丙氨基酸转移酶(ALT)淘汰率及乳糜血明显高于女性(2.5%、1.0%),而女性(5.0%)的血红蛋白低人数明显多于男性(0.1%)。年龄方面26-45周岁为ALT升高及乳糜血的高发年龄。乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)和梅毒螺旋体特异性抗体(抗-TP)淘汰率最高的是高中、初中及小学学历的献血者。HBsAg和抗-TP在职业分布中以工人(2.2%、0.7%)、农民(2.3%、0.7%)和服务业(2.0%、0.7%)最多。所有对比均为P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论天津站文化底蕴丰厚,地理位置优越且是天津最大的综合交通枢纽,献血者在户籍、性别、职业、年龄、文化程度方面都有显著分布特点,且不同人群献血特征不同,应结合该地特点制定精准招募策略。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of blood donation of different people in Tianjin Railway Station area and formulate accurate recruitment strategies in line with the characteristics of Tianjin Railway Station.Methods The blood donors in Tianjin Railway Station area(blood donation vehicles in Tianjin Railway Station,blood donation houses in Tianjin Railway Station,and blood donation vehicles in the square behind Tianjin Railway Station)from 2017 to 2020 were collected as the research objects,and the blood donation situation and primary screening and elimination situation of the population with different household registration,gender,occupation,age and education level were analyzed retrospectively,and the data were statistically analyzed.Results After comparison,it was found that the number of unpaid blood donors and the amount of blood donation in Tianjin Station area showed an increasing trend year by year in the past four years(affected by the new crown epidemic in 2020,the amount of blood collection decreased),which was the main force of blood collection in the center.Among them,the number of blood donors living in non local areas for more than six months was the highest(61.7%),and the number of male(84.2%)was significantly higher than that of female(15.8%).The proportion of workers(32.6%)and staff(27.2%)in different occupations was the highest,and the number of blood donors aged 18-25 years was the highest(33.4%);middle school(30.3%)and high school(24.8%)had the most blood donors.In different populations,400mL blood was mainly donated and the number of first-time blood donors was the largest.Among the unqualified men(7.5%,3.1%),the number of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and chyle blood was significantly higher than that of women(2.5%,1.0%),while the number of low hemoglobin in women(5.0%)was significantly higher than that in men(0.1%).In terms of age,26-45 years old is the age of high incidence of ALT and chylous blood.The highest elimination rate of hepatitis B virus surface antigen(HBsAg)and Treponema pallidum specific antibody(anti TP)was found among blood donors with high school,middle school and primary school degrees.In the occupational distribution of HBsAg and anti TP,workers(2.2%,0.7%),farmers(2.3%,0.7%)and service industries(2.0%,0.7%)were the most.All comparisons were P<0.05,which was statistically significant.Conclusion Tianjin Railway Station has rich cultural heritage,superior geographical location and is the largest comprehensive transportation hub in Tianjin.Blood donors have significant distribution characteristics in terms of household registration,gender,occupation,age and education level,and different groups have different blood donation characteristics.Therefore,precise recruitment strategies should be formulated in combination with the characteristics of the site.