三峡库区1980—2021年土地利用碳排放格局及碳补偿

Land Use Carbon Emission Pattern and Carbon Compensation in Three Gorges Reservoir Area During 1980-2021

[目的]揭示三峡库区土地利用碳排放格局并测算碳补偿价值,为引导流域低碳发展,健全流域碳补偿机制提供参考。[方法]运用碳排放系数,单位GDP能耗及经济贡献系数等方法,测算三峡库区1980—2021年土地利用碳排放/碳吸收,并以净碳排放为基准值,对碳排放阈值及碳排放强度进行修正,测算土地利用碳补偿价值。[结果]①三峡库区1980—2021年土地利用碳排放及碳吸收整体呈上升趋势。耕地和林地是土地利用碳吸收主要载体,城乡工矿居民用地是土地利用碳排放主要来源;②碳吸收格局整体呈现西低东高的分布特征。1980—2021年碳吸收处于中高水平和高水平类型的区县明显增加,且大多位于东部和北部,低水平类型区县有所减少;③碳排放格局在1980—1990年均处于低水平及中低水平类型;2000—2021年库区整体碳排放量增加,其中西部重庆市主城区、中部万州、开州区、云阳县以及东部夷陵区处于中高水平和高水平类型,武隆区的碳排放处于中等水平类型;巫溪、巫山、巴东、兴山、秭归县等区县的碳排放处于低水平和中低水平类型;④研究区9个区县为生态盈余区,应获碳补偿资金最高的是奉节县6.87×10^(5)元,17个区县为生态赤字区,支付碳补偿金额较高的是渝北区1.53×10^(7)元。[结论]应从以下方面引导流域低碳发展:推动区域合作治理碳排放,建立横向碳补偿机制;控制建设用地规模,优化土地利用配置;落实绿色发展理念,增强碳汇能力;优化能源供给结构,提高能源利用率等。

[Objective]The land use carbon emission pattern was analyzed and the value of carbon compensation was estimated in the Three Gorges reservoir area in order to provide a reference for guiding low-carbon development and improving the carbon compensation mechanism in the basin.[Methods]We used the carbon emission factor,energy consumption per unit GDP,and economic contribution coefficient to calculate the carbon compensation value of land use.The net carbon emission was taken as the benchmark value.The carbon emission threshold and carbon emission intensity were revised.[Results]①Carbon emission and carbon absorption in the Three Gorges reservoir area showed an overall upward trend from 1980 to 2021.Cultivated land and forest land were the main sources of carbon sequestration from regional land use,and urban and rural industrial,mining,and residential land were the main sources of carbon emissions from regional land use;②The carbon absorption pattern was low in the west and high in the east.From 1980 to 2021,the districts and counties with middle-high level and high level carbon absorption increased significantly,and most of them were located in the east and north of the study area,while the counties with low level carbon absorption decreased;③In terms of carbon emission patterns,land use carbon emissions in the Three Gorges Reservoir area from 1980 to 1990 were at a low level or medium-low level.The overall carbon emissions of the reservoir area increased from 2000 to 2021,with the main urban area of Chongqing City in the west;Wanzhou,Kaizhou District,and Yunyang County in the middle;and Yiling District in the east at medium and high levels.Wulong County was at a medium level.The carbon emissions of Badong,Wushan,Wuxi,Zigui County,and other surrounding areas were at low and medium-low levels;④In the study area,nine districts and counties were ecological surplus areas and should obtain carbon offset funds.Fengjie County should receive the highest carbon compensation fund of 6.87×10^(5)yuan.Seventeen districts and counties were ecological deficit areas.Yubei District paid the highest amount of carbon offsets of 1.53×10^(7)yuan.[Conclusion]In the ecological deficit areas,regional cooperation should be promoted to control carbon emissions,and a horizontal carbon compensation mechanism should be established.The scale of construction land should be controlled,and land use allocation should be optimized.The concept of green development should be implemented to enhance carbon sequestration capacity.Energy supply structure should be optimized and energy utilization rate should be increased to guide low-carbon development of the watershed.