西南山区高速铁路主要工程地质问题研究

A Study on Main Geological Problems of High-speed Railway in the Mountainous Area in Southwest China

高速铁路具有沉降控制要求严格、速度快、运营安全舒适的特点,但西南山区地形高差显著、板块活动强烈、构造岩性复杂、气候极端恶劣,其特殊复杂的地质环境孕育了危岩落石、采空区、高地应力、基底上拱、巨型岩溶、隧道涌水突泥、非煤有害气体、隧道运营地质灾害等众多工程地质问题,制约着高速铁路向西南山区的延伸。本文对西南山区建成或在建的8条高速铁路干线主要工程地质问题的经验进行了总结,系统梳理了尚未解决或亟待优化的难点或痛点,分析了各类问题存在的原因,探寻了解决方案和研究思路,以期为广大高速铁路工程技术人员提供创新发展的方向。

High-speed railway is characterized by strict settlement control requirements,fast speed,and safe and comfortable operation.But the mountainous area in southwest China has significant terrain elevation differences,strong plate activity,complex tectonic lithology,and an extremely harsh climate.Its special and complex geological environment has nurtured many engineering geological problems such as dangerous rockfall,goaf,high geostress,basement arch,giant karst,tunnel water burst and mud inrush,non-coal harmful gas,and geological disasters in tunnel operation,which restrict the extension of high-speed railways to the mountainous area in southwest China.This paper summarized the main geological problems of 8 high-speed railway trunk lines constructed or under construction in the mountainous area in southwest China,systematically sorted out the difficulties or pain spots that have not been solved or need to be optimized,analyzed the causes of these problems,and explored solutions and research ideas,so as to provide a direction of innovative development for the vast number of high-speed railway technicians.