南水北调西线工程受水区节水潜力研究

Study on Water⁃Saving Potential of Water Receiving Area of West Route of South to North Water Diversion Project

科学论证南水北调西线工程调水规模,需要以充分考虑黄河流域节水潜力为基础。以南水北调西线工程受水区为研究区域,分析了不同行业的节水现状、节水潜力及面临的问题。结果表明:黄河流域现状节水总体达到国内较高水平,但空间分布不均匀;黄河流域毛节水潜力约为25亿m^(3),净节水潜力约为19亿m^(3);西线工程受水区毛节水潜力约为21亿m^(3),净节水潜力约为16亿mm^(3);农业节水潜力占全流域及西线工程受水区节水潜力的80%以上;黄河流域节水潜力远低于缺水量,且农业节水量难以转让给其他行业;资源性缺水是根本问题,未来需要通过建设跨流域调水工程解决黄河流域缺水问题。

Giving high priority to saving water and spatial equalization should be the principle for the demonstration of water resources engi⁃neering.The scientific demonstration of the water transfer scale for the West Route of South⁃to⁃North Water Diversion Project should base on the water⁃saving potential in the Yellow River Basin.Taking the water⁃receiving areas of the West Route of South⁃to⁃North Water Diversion Project as the research areas,this paper analyzed the current situation of water⁃saving,potential of water⁃saving and problems in different in⁃dustries.The results show that the overall water⁃saving in the Yellow River Basin has reached a relatively high level in China,but its distribu⁃tion is spatially uneven.The gross and net water⁃saving potential of the whole Yellow River Basin is about 2.5 billion m^(3)and 1.9 billion m^(3)re⁃spectively.The gross and net water⁃saving potential of the water⁃receiving area in the West Route is about 2.1 billion m^(3)and 1.6 billion m^(3)re⁃spectively.The water⁃saving potential in agriculture accounts for more than 80%of the whole Yellow River Basin as well as the water⁃receiv⁃ing area in the West Route.The water⁃saving potential of the Yellow River Basin is far lower than that of the water shortage,and the actual saved water from agriculture is difficult to be transferred to other industries.The shortage of water resources is the essential issue in the Yellow River Basin,it is necessary to construct inter⁃basin water diversion projects in the future to solve the issue of water shortage.