异种器官移植技术中的伦理问题面面观

An General Overview of Ethical Issues in Xenotransplantation Technology

目前,有关异种器官移植技术的伦理问题讨论的既有文献大多集中于该技术试验阶段。从受体、供体及社会的维度,讨论异种器官移植技术的试验及临床应用阶段可能引发的伦理问题,这些问题包括:受体的人格同一性危机,生理不相容引发医疗安全问题;供体动物的道德权利问题,生物安全问题;异种器官利用的公平可及问题,技术的滥用问题,受体的“污名化”问题。对上述伦理问题进行深入的伦理讨论和辨析,为异种器官移植技术的研究提供科学合理的方向,也将有助于该技术成熟后,合伦理的推广应用。

To date,the majority of the existing literatures on the ethical issues of xenotransplantation technology has concentrated on ethical issues during the experimental phase.This article discusses the ethical issues that may arise during the experimental and clinical application phases of xenotransplantation technology from the dimensions of the recipient,the donor and society.These ethical issues include:the crisis of personal identity,the medical safety issues caused by physiological incompatibility of recipients;the moral rights and biosafety issues of donor animals;the issue of fair access to the utilization of xenograft organs,the abuse of xenotransplantation technology,and the"stigmatization"of recipients.Therefore in-depth discussion and analysis of the above ethical issues can provide a scientific and reasonable direction for the research of xenotransplantation technology,and also contribute to the ethical promotion and application with the proven technology in the future.