摘要
河流水质评价对流域水环境管理具有重要意义。由于具有较强的综合性和可比性,水质综合评价指数(WQI)已成为国内外河流水质评价的主流方法,然而因其需要大量的水质参数,需要耗费大量的物力和财力。采用2018年官厅水库上游河流37个监测点的月度监测数据,运用全子集回归模型分训练和验证两个环节建立了对水质参数数量要求较少的适用于官厅水库上游河流水质评价的最简水质综合评价指数(WQI_(min)),并采用建立的WQI_(min)对官厅水库上游河流水质进行了时空分布特征分析。结果显示:在训练环节,水质参数的数量越多,WQI_(min)的训练效果越好,并且考虑水质参数相对权重的模型效果要优于不考虑相对权重的模型。综合考虑水质评价的准确性和易用性,采用CODMn、DO和TN等3个水质参数,且考虑水质参数权重的最简水质综合评价指数模型(WQI_(min)-b3)是训练环节官厅水库上游流域最佳的WQI_(min)模型。在验证环节,WQI_(min)-b3与WQI有较好的线性关系,证实了建立的WQI_(min)-b3模型可代替WQI模型进行官厅水库上游河流水质评价。官厅水库上游河流水质在秋季最好,夏季次之;由于受到融雪期非点源污染的影响,春季官厅水库上游河流水质最差,因而官厅水库上游流域应对融雪期非点源污染给予充分重视。官厅水库上游各河段WQI_(min)平均值的最高值出现在清水河,其次是南洋河;桑干河上游由于工业废水和生活污水的大量排放,其水质状态最差。该研究可为官厅水库上游及其他流域河流水质管理提供科学参考。
River water quality assessment is of great significance to watershed water environment management.Due to its strong comprehensiveness and comparability,the Water Quality Comprehensive Assessment Index(WQI)has become the mainstream standard used for river water quality assessment.However,it requires a large number of water quality parameters,and thus a large amount of material and financial resources.This study used the monthly monitoring data of 37 monitoring points in the upstream of Guanting Reservoir in 2018,and used the full subset regression model to establish the simplest water quality comprehensive assessment index(WQI_(min))for the water quality assessment of the upstream rivers of Guanting Reservoir,which required fewer water quality parameters,through training and verification.The established WQI_(min)was used to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the water quality of the upstream rivers of Guanting Reservoir.The results showed that the more water quality parameters were,the better the training effect of WQI_(min)was,and the model considering the relative weight of water quality parameters was better than the model not considering the relative weight.Considering the accuracy and ease of use of water quality assessment,the simplest water quality comprehensive assessment index model(WQI_(min)-b3)using three water quality parameters(CODMn,DO and TN),and considering the relative weight of water quality parameters was the best WQI_(min)model for the upstream of Guanting Reservoir during the training period.During the testing period,WQI_(min)-b3 had a good linear relationship with WQI,which proved that the established WQI_(min)-b3 model could replace the WQI model to evaluate river water quality in the upstream of Guanting Reservoir.The water quality of rivers in the upper reaches of Guanting Reservoir was the best in autumn,followed by that in summer.Due to the impact of non-point source pollution during snowmelt,the water quality of rivers in the upstream of Guanting Reservoir was the worst in spring.Therefore,for the upstream of Guanting Reservoir,attention should be paid to non-point source pollution during snowmelt.The highest value of WQI_(min)appeared in Qingshui River,followed by that in Nanyang River.Due to the massive discharge of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage in the upstream of Sanggan River,its water quality was the worst,and there was a significant gap with other river sections.This study could provide a scientific reference for river water quality management in the upstream of Guanting Reservoir and other basins.
作者
程鹏
孙明东
郝韶楠
CHENG Peng;SUN Mingdong;HAO Shaonan(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi University of Finance and Economics,Taiyuan 030006,P.R.China;Institute of Water Ecology and Environment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,P.R.China;Power China Chengdu Engineering Corporation LTD,Chengdu 610072,P.R.China)
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期372-380,共9页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2018ZX07111-002)
山西省教育厅科技创新项目(2019L0482)
山西省哲学社会科学规划课题(2020YJ088)。