2000—2020年平潭综合实验区景观格局动态变化及驱动力分析

Analysis of Dynamic Changes of Landscape Pattern and Its Driving Forces in Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Area from 2000 to 2020

【目的/意义】分析平潭综合实验区20年间景观格局动态变化及其驱动力因素,以期从景观格局角度为今后实验区的景观环境资源的合理利用和保护提供策略依据。【方法/过程】以2000年、2010年、2020年3期的30 m分辨率的全球地表覆盖产品GlobeLand30为数据源,将土地覆被类型分为7类,计算景观格局指数,分析景观格局动态变化,并结合主成分分析法对驱动力因素进行探讨。【结果/结论】结果显示:在2000—2010年间,平潭综合实验区各项景观类型指数差异值相对较小,主要表现在建设用地的增加,以及林地、草地等生态用地的减少;2010—2020年间,从景观水平看,实验区分维数、蔓延度指数持续下降,香农多样性指数明显增加,景观破碎度态势严重,人为活动干扰对当地景观格局的影响较大;森林景观类型面积在2010—2020年间明显增多,斑块数量大幅下降,斑块凝聚度值升高,森林景观类型的破碎化程度降低;湿地与水域的景观类型斑块类型面积在2010—2020年间呈现下降趋势,周长—面积分维数与斑块凝聚度值降低,斑块边界形状趋于简单,内部自然链接程度下降。驱动因素分析表明,社会经济因素和政策因素均在很大程度上直接影响平潭综合实验区景观格局的动态变化。

【Objective/Meaning】The dynamic changes of landscape pattern and its driving force factors in Pingtan comprehensive experimental area in the past 20 years were analyzed in order to provide strategic basis for the reasonable utilization and protection of landscape environmental resources in the experimental area in the future from the perspective of landscape pattern.【Methods/Procedures】By using the GlobeLand30,a global land cover product with 30 m resolution in 2000,2010 and 2020,as the data sources,the land cover types were divided into seven categories,and the landscape pattern index was calculated to analyze the dynamic changes of landscape pattern.Then,combined with the principal component analysis,the driving force factors were discussed.【Results/Conclusions】The results showed that:(1)the difference values of various landscape type indexes in Pingtan comprehensive experimental area were relatively small from 2000 to 2010,which was mainly reflected in the increase of construction land and the decrease of ecological land such as woodland and grassland.(2)From 2010 to 2020,on the level of landscape,the fractal dimension and the degree of spread continued to decline,the Shannon diversity index increased significantly,the trend of landscape fragmentation was serious,and the interference of human activities had a greater impact on the local landscape pattern.(3)The area of forest landscape types increased significantly from 2010 to 2020,the number of patches decreased significantly,the aggregation degree of patches increased,and the fragmentation degree of forest landscape types decreased.(4)The area of patch landscape type of of wetlands and waters showed the trend of downward from 2010 to 2020,the perimeter-area fractal dimension and the aggregation degree of patches decreased,the boundary shape of patches tended to be simple,and the degree of internal natural linkage decreased.The analysis of driving factors showed that both the socio-economic factors and policy factors directly affected the dynamic changes of landscape pattern in Pingtan comprehensive experimental area to a large extent.