西夏语的时空限定标记“■”rjar^(1)

“■”rjar1,the Time and Space Limitation Marker in Tangut Language

西夏语中“■”rjar^(1)字,不只是表示里程和距离的后置词,它可以附着在任何一段空间的距离之后,也可以附着在一段时间之后,是用以限定时空距离的一个语法标记;这个时空限定标记还经常与“来”“去”等空间位移动词连用,也并非是个单纯的后置词。“■”也可以与动词“■”连用或对举出现在相同位置上,表示“拘束、局限”之义,最初当是表“限制、限定”义的一个动词。作为时空限定标记的“■”是由表“限制、限定”义的动词“■”语法化(虚化)而来的结果。

In Tangut language,the marker“■”is not only a word that represents mileage and distance,but also a grammatical marker to limit the space and time distance,which can be attached behind any distance of space or any period of time.It is often used with spatial displacement verbs such as“come”and“go”,so it is not a simple postposition word.“■”can also be used in conjunction with the verb“■”or in the same position as symmetry to express the meaning of“restraint and limitation”,while,originally,it was a verb expressing the meaning of“restrict and limit”.“■”,as a marker of time and space limitation,is the grammaticalization result of the verb“■”which represents“restrict and limit”.