嘉兴市急性呼吸道感染住院儿童非典型病原体流行特征分析

Analysis of epidemic characteristics of atypical pathogens in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infection in Jiaxing City

目的探讨嘉兴地区急性呼吸道感染(ARI)住院儿童常见非典型病原体的流行特征。方法回顾性分析2019年—2021年的19644例因ARI在嘉兴市第二医院住院的儿童,使用间接免疫荧光法对患儿血清中8种呼吸道病原体IgM抗体进行检测,分析其流行特征。结果有49.6%儿童至少感染一种病原体,有23.5%的儿童发生混合感染,肺炎支原体(MP)的检出率最高,为34.6%;女性IgM抗体的检出率高于男性(P<0.001);呼吸道合胞病毒在28 d~1岁组患儿中检出率最高,MP在28 d~14岁的各年龄组患儿中检出率最高;2019年—2021年非典型病原体IgM抗体检出率逐年增加,MP全年流行,最易发生混合感染的病原体是MP(79.1%)。结论研究有关嘉兴地区急性呼吸道感染儿童的性别、非典型病原体谱、年龄分布、病毒季节性和混合感染的重要流行病学数据,有利于制定更有效地治疗策略和预防措施。

Objective This study aims to explore the epidemic characteristics of common atypical pathogens in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infection(ARI)in Jiaxing area.Methods A retrospective analysis of 19644 children who were hospitalized in the Second Hospital of Jiaxing City due to ARI from 2019 to 2021 was performed.The IgM antibodies of 8 respiratory pathogens in children's serum were detected by indirect immunofluorescence method,and their epidemic characteristics were analyzed.Results In general,49.6%of children were infected with at least one pathogen.Mixed infection occurred in 23.5%of children.The highest detection rate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)was 34.6%.The detection rate of IgM antibody in female children was higher than that in male children(P<0.001).The detection rate of respiratory syncytial virus was the highest in 28 day-1 year old group.The detection rate of MP was the highest in all age groups from 28 days to 14 years old.From 2019 to 2021,the detection rate of IgM antibodies against atypical pathogens increased year by year.MP was prevalent throughout the year.The pathogen most prone to cause mixed infection was MP(79.1%).Conclusion This study provides important epidemiological data on gender,atypical pathogen spectrum,age distribution,viral seasonality and mixed infection among children with acute respiratory infection in Jiaxing,which is helpful for the formulation of more effective treatment strategies and preventive measures.