2019年—2022年惠州市集中式生活饮用水中化学污染物状况及健康风险评估

Chemical pollutants in centralized drinking water in Huizhou City from 2019 to 2022 and health risk assessment

目的了解惠州市2019年—2022年集中式生活饮用水中17种化学污染物含量,并评估其对人体健康产生的潜在风险。方法水样采样、检测及质量控制均按照《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750—2006)进行;结果评价按照《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)统计检出率和合格率;同时采用美国国家环境保护局(US EPA)推荐的健康风险评价模型对检测结果中5种致癌性化学物(砷、六价铬、镉、三氯甲烷和四氯化碳)和12种非致癌性化学物(铅、汞、硒、氰化物、氟化物、硝酸盐)(以N计)、铁、氨氮、锰、铜、锌和挥发酚类(以苯酚计)通过饮水途径所引起人的健康风险进行初步评估。结果惠州市2019年—2022年集中式生活饮用水中17种化学污染物通过饮水途径所引起人的总健康风险为4.35×10^(-5)/年;其中致癌性化学物风险为4.35×10^(-5)/年;非致癌性化学物风险为2.82×10^(-9)/年。结论惠州市2019年—2022年集中式生活饮用水中17种化学污染物风险均低于国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)规定的最大可接受风险(5.0×10^(-5)/年),初步认为惠州市集中式生活饮用水风险处于可接受范围。

Objective This paper aims to investigate the content of 17 chemical pollutants in centralized drinking water in Huizhou City from 2019 to 2022 and assess the potential risks to human health.Methods Sampling,testing and quality control of water samples were carried out in accordance with the Standard Inspection Method for Drinking Water(GB/T 5750-2006);the detection rate and the qualified rate were calculated according to the Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water(GB 5749-2006);the health risk caused by five kinds of carcinogenic chemicals(arsenic,hexavalent chromium,cadmium,chloroform and carbon tetrachloride)and 12 of non-carcinogenic chemicals[lead,mercury,selenium,cyanide,fluoride,nitrate(N),iron,ammonia nitrogen,manganese,copper,zinc and volatile phenol class(phenol)]in drinking water were tested using the health risk assessment model recommended by US Environmental Protection Agency(EPA).Results The total health risk of 17 chemical pollutants in concentrated drinking water in Huizhou City from 2019 to 2022 was 4.35×10^(-5)/year.The risk of carcinogenic chemicals is 4.35×10^(-5)/year,and the total non-carcinogenic risk is 2.82×10^(-9)/year.Conclusion The risks of 17 chemical pollutants in concentrated drinking water of Huizhou City from 2019 to 2022 were all lower than the maximum acceptable risk(5.0×10^(-5)/year)stipulated by the International Commission on Radiological Protection(ICRP).It is preliminarily considered that the risk of concentrated drinking water in Huizhou City is in an acceptable range.