山西省18~60岁居民营养素摄入情况调查

Survey on nutrient intake of residents aged 18 to 60 years in Shanxi province

目的 了解山西省18~60岁居民的营养素摄入状况。方法 在山西平遥县和小店区调查18~60岁居民膳食,分别于4个不同季节,每个季节采取7 d 24 h膳食回顾调查,依据《中国食物成分表》计算宏量营养素、维生素和矿物质的摄入量,能量、蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物的摄入量。结果 调查对象391人,其中男性198人,城市男性98人、农村男性100人;女性193人,城市女性94人、农村女性99人。每日能量摄入量:城市低于农村(t=-6.45,P<0.05),男性高于女性(t=14.00,P<0.05),18~30岁组能量摄入最少(F=2.64,P<0.05),初中及以下最高(F=17.23,P<0.05)。每日脂肪摄入量:城市高于农村(t=11.09,P<0.05),男性高于女性(t=6.80,P<0.05),不同年龄段间比较差异无统计学意义(F=0.23,P>0.05),初中及以下最低(F=25.86,P<0.05)。每日蛋白质摄入量:城市与农村间比较差异无统计学意义(t=-1.67,P>0.05),男性高于女性(t=13.79,P<0.05),不同年龄段间比较差异无统计学意义(F=1.52,P>0.05),高中大专最低(F=3.92,P<0.05)。每日碳水化合物摄入量:不同地区、性别、年龄、教育情况间比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。城市与农村每日维生素C、胡萝卜素、叶酸、维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素B1、维生素B2摄入量比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);男性与女性每日维生素E、尼克酸、维生素B12、维生素B1、维生素B2摄入量比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);除维生素B6外,不同年龄段每日维生素摄入量比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);各受教育程度间每日维生素A、维生素C、胡萝卜素、尼克酸、叶酸、维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素B1、维生素B2摄入量比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。城市与农村每日铁、锌、铜、镁、钠、钾摄入量比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);男性与女性每日钙、铁、锌、硒、铜、镁、钠、钾摄入量比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);不同年龄段每日钙、铜、镁、钠、钾的摄入量比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05),且都是18~30岁年龄段摄入量最低(P均<0.05);除硒外,各受教育程度间居民的其他矿物元素摄入量比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论 山西省391名18~60岁居民不同地区、性别、年龄、教育情况间营养素摄入有差异。

Objective To understand the nutrient intake status of residents aged 18 to 60 in Shanxi province.Methods The diets of residents aged 18 to 60 years in Pingyao county and Xiaodian district of Shanxi province were surveyed in 4 different seasons,and the dietary intake of macronutrients,vitamins,minerals,energy,protein,fat and carbohydrate were calculated according to the Chinese Food ComPosition Table.Results A total of 391 people were surveyed,including 198 males(98 urban and 100 rural males)and 193 females(94 urban females and 99 rural females).Daily energy intake:lower in cities than in rural areas(t=-6.45,P<0.05),male was higher than female(t=14.00,P<0.05),energy intake was lowest in the 18-age group(F=2.64,P<0.05)and highest in people with education level of middle school and below(F=17.23,P<0.05).Daily fat intake:Higher in urban than rural areas(t=11.09,P<0.05),male was higher than female(t=6.80,P<0.05),there was no statistical significance among different age groups(F=0.23,P<0.05),the lowest was in junior high school and below(F=25.86,P<0.05).Daily protein intake:there was no significant difference between urban and rural areas(t=-1.67,P<0.05),male was higher than female(t=13.79,P<0.05),there was no statistical significance among different age groups(F=1.52,P<0.05),the lowest was in high school and college(F=3.92,P<0.05).Daily carbohydrate intake:there were statistically significant differences among different regions,gender,age and education(P<0.05).The daily intakes of vitamin C,carotene,folate,vitamin Bs,vitamin Bi2,vitamin B and vitamin B,were statistically different between urban and rural areas(P<0.05);There were statistically significant differences in daily intakes of vitamin E,niacin,vitamin Bi2,vitamin B and vitamin B,between males and females(P<0.05);Except for vitamin B,there were statistically significant differences in daily vitamin intake among different age groups(P<0.05);Daily intakes of vitamin A,vitamin C,carotene,niacin,folic acid,vitamin Bs,vitamin Bi2,vitamin B and vitamin B2 were significantly different among different levels of education(P<0.05).The daily intakes of Fe,Zn,Cu,Mg,Na and K in urban and rural areas were significantly different(P<0.05);Daily intakes of calcium,iron,zinc,selenium,copper,magnesium,sodium and potassium were significantly different between males and females(P<0.05);The daily intakes of calcium,copper,magnesium,sodium and potassium in different age groups were significantly different(P<0.05),and the lowest intakes were found in the 18 to 30 age group(P<0.05);Except for selenium,there were statistically significant differences in the intake of other mineral elements among different educational levels(P<o.05).Conclusion Nutrient intake varied among different regions,genders,ages,and educational status among 391 residents aged 18 to 60 years in Shanxi province.