理念追求与现实考量:1956年新公私合营企业工资改革方针及其争议

Idea Pursuit and Realistic Considerations:The Policy and Controversy on the Wage Reform of New Public-Private Joint Venture in 1956

1956年新公私合营企业工资改革,其根本原因是社会主义改造的需要,同时也是社会主义工资制度合理化构建的需要。新中国成立后,历经数次工资制度改革与调整,至1956年以按劳分配为原则的社会主义工资制度体系初步确立,其理念亦已深入人心,但另一方面因现实的复杂性与制度构建本身的长期性,新公私合营企业工资改革又不得不兼顾现实的需求而采取循序渐进的方式。由此也造成各方对改革方针诸多不满与争议,这些争议体现了这一时期合理化工资制度理念追求与现实间的冲突。

The basic reason for the wage reform of the new public-private joint venture in 1956 was the need of socialist transformation,meanwhile,the need of rational construction of socialist wage system.After the founding of New China,the socialist wage system was reformed and adjusted several times until the socialist wage system based on the principle of distribution according to work was initially established in 1956,which the concept has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.However,new public-private joint venture wage reform had to take into account the needs of reality and then adopt a gradual approach because of the complexity of the reality and the long-term nature of the system construction.As a result,there were many dissatisfaction and disputes about the reform policy,which embodies the conflict between the pursuit of rationalizing the idea of the wage system and the reality in this period.