《人间词话》与常州词派词论关涉考论

A Textual Research on the Relationship Between Poetic Remarks in the Human World and the Ci Theory of Changzhou Ci School

王国维《人间词话》受传统词学影响,前人已有研究,而所受影响多大,有哪些方面,与晚清主流词派常州词派关系如何,尚缺少深入细致的梳理。通过对《人间词话》引用情况逐条考辨,发现《人间词话》征引常州词派词论达42则73例,占《人间词话》篇幅近三分之一,这充分说明《人间词话》最重要的古代词学渊源即常州词派。而且,在征引常州词派诸家词论的排序上,可以发现前五名的顺序依次是周济、陈廷焯、刘熙载、谭献、冯煦,这也在很大程度上补充和修正了前人的某些认识。尤其是周济与陈廷焯,在词人批评与词学体系的创作论、鉴赏论、发展论方面,对王国维词学体系的建构发挥了更为重要的作用。

Wang Guowei’s Poetic Remarks in the Human World is influenced by traditional Ci studies and has been studied by predecessors.What is the relationship with the Changzhou School of Ci in the late Qing dynasty?There is still a lack of in-depth and detailed studies.Based on the textual research on the citations of Poetic Remarks in the Human World,this paper finds that this book has 42 and 73 quotations from the CI schools of Changzhou, accounting for nearly one-third of the length of the book, and this fully shows that the most important source of the ancient Ci study in the book is the Ci School of Changzhou.Moreover, in the order of quoting the theories of the schools of Ci in Changzhou, we can find that the top five are Zhou Ji, Chen Tingzhuo, Liu Xizai, Tan Xian and Feng Xu, which has also greatly supplemented and revised some of the previous understanding.In particular, Zhou Ji and Chen played a more important role in the construction of Wang Guowei’s theory of creation, appreciation and development in the system of criticism of CI writers and the study of CI.