从话本叙事到戏曲叙事——以《苏门啸》对《拍案惊奇》的改编为例

From Narrative Scripts to Opera Stories:Taking the Adaptation of“Sumen Xiao”to“Shooting Surprise”as an Example

作为重要的学术课题,古代小说与戏曲关系的研究已积累了一定的成果,但晚明曲家傅一臣的杂剧集《苏门啸》皆改编自拟话本《拍案惊奇》之现象,因《苏门啸》曲本面世较晚,尚未得到学界关注。据我们考察,这种戏曲、小说题材对应关系为现存戏曲创编仅见之案例,傅一臣围绕伦理教化这一主流思想意识,在戏曲脚色体制的制约下,凝练原作叙事时空,调整叙事视角,动用多种叙事技法,完成了从小说文本到戏曲舞台表演的转换。对比分析其创作经验,不仅为古代戏曲与小说的关系研究增添了新的内涵,也有助于进一步辨析古代小说、戏曲文体之差别。

The attained research efforts focused on the relationship between ancient novels and traditional opera have confirmed the importance of this topic.During the late Ming Dynasty,the selected opera named“Sumen Xiao”was adapted by Fu Yichen from“Shooting Surprise”,which subject matter was the simulating story-telling novels.Unfortunately,correlation studies about“Sumen Xiao”have attracted limited attention from the communities due to the late discovery of libretto.To the best of our knowledge,Fu Yichen condensed the time and space of the original narrative,adjusted the narrative perspective,and used a variety of narrative techniques to complete the transformation of the novel text to the opera stage performance around mainstream ideological consciousness and under the constraints of the ancient opera character institutional frameworks.Thus,the correlation study between“Sumen Xiao”and“Shooting Surprise”is a unique case and meaningful in this field.Through a comparative analysis,the findings not only adds new connotations to the study of the relationship between ancient opera and novels,but also helps further distinguish their differences.