贾南风封妃时间辨正——基于《徐美人墓志》的考查

When was Jia Nanfeng Conferred Crown Princess:A Criticism Based on the Epitaph of Xu Meiren

20世纪50年代出土的《晋贾皇后乳母美人徐氏之铭》是反映西晋前期社会状况的重要资料,其中蕴含了丰富的政治信息。铭文与传世史籍记载颇有出入。以贾南风成为太子妃的时间为例,《晋书》记为泰始八年,墓志则记为泰始六年。这一事件与西晋政局走向息息相关,有进一步澄清的必要。以西晋的礼仪制度为切入点,辨明贾南风应于泰始八年才正式被封为太子妃,而墓志与史乘间的记述差异是二者分别选取不同节点的时间加以记录所致:传世文献以正式册封太子妃的时间为断,而墓志材料则出于对贾后的虚美,将婚聘时间模糊为其成为太子妃之时。

The epitaph of Xu Meiren discovered in the last century is an important document reflecting the social conditions in early Western Jin Dynasty,containing wealth of political information.The epitaph is more informative than records in historical documents.Take Jia Nanfeng for example,according to Jin Shu("The Book of Jin"),she became the crown princess in the eighth year of Taishi period,while in the epitaph it's recorded as the sixth year of Taishi period.This event is closely related to the political situation of the Western Jin Dynasty,so it's necessary to clarify the actual year.Starting with the etiquette system of the Western Jin Dynasty,the article points out that"betrothal"and"conferment"are different ceremonies in the Western Jin Dynasty,therefore Jia Nanfeng was officially conferred crown princess in the eighth year of Taishi period.The inconformity between the epitaph and historical documents is because they recorded different timelines:Jin Shu recorded the time when she was conferred the crown princess,while the vague information in the epitaph of Xu Meiren was to flatter Jia Nanfeng.As for the specific date when Jia Nanfeng became the crown princess,both the historical records and the epitaph retain true information of her marriage despite their difference,which in fact reflects different perspectives of history.Previous historical studies confused the concepts of"betrothal"and"conferment",and arbitrarily claimed that the epitaph was falsely written,which led to the failure to clarify the complexity of this political event.It is a reminder to the researchers that only by combining epitaphs with handed-down documents and taking full account of the background of writing can we restore the historical facts through all the twists and turns.