间伐对洛川地区红富士苹果生长结果的影响

Effect of Thinning on Growth and Fruit of Red Fuji Apple in Luochuan Area

【目的】通过对洛川地区乔化红富士间伐与未间伐果园果树生长结果等指标的测定,研究间伐5年后乔化苹果的生长结果表现,为利用间伐技术以解决果园郁闭问题提供一定的理论指导。【方法】分别在洛川县南贺苏村、东安宫以及洛阳村三地选取乔化红富士间伐果园与未间伐果园,分别对果树的叶片、枝条、果实、产量以及土壤等相关指标进行测定。【结果】在叶片光合作用方面,间伐果园植株叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率都高于未间伐果园,叶片的胞间CO 2浓度差异不明显;在树体生长方面,间伐果园中、短枝的比例极显著高于未间伐果园,果树新梢尤其是春梢的生长量显著高于未间伐果园,树干周长显著大于未间伐果园;在果实产量和品质方面,间伐果园果实产量极显著高于未间伐果园,果实的单果质量、着色情况、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸等指标均优于未间伐果园的果实;在土壤理化性质方面,间伐果园0~40 cm土层的土壤速效氮磷钾和土壤有机质含量显著高于未间伐果园。【结论】间伐对提高植株叶片的光合速率、促进新梢生长和短枝的成枝有一定的作用,可以改善果树的枝类组成比例,提高果实品质和产量,同时根际土壤的速效氮磷钾质量分数和有机质含量也有一定程度的提高。

【Objective】By measuring the fruit growth results of the cultivated red Fuji orchard after thinning and unthinning in Luochuan area,the growth results of the cultivated apple after five years of thinningwere studied,and provided some theoretical guidance for the use of thinning technology to solve the problem of orchard closure.【Methods】The thinning orchards and unthinning orchards of Qiao Hua Fuji were selected from Nanhesu Village,Dongangong Village and Luoyang Village in Luochuan County,and the relevant indexes of leaf,branch,fruit,yield and soil were measured respectively.【Results】In terms of leaf photosynthesis,the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the leaves in the thinning orchard were higher than those in the unthinning orchard,and there was no significant difference in the intercellular CO 2 concentration of the leaves.In terms of tree body growth,the proportion of short and medium branches in the thinning orchard was significantly higher than that in the unthinning orchard,and the growth of new shoot,especially spring shoot,and trunk circumference were significantly higher than that in the unthinning orchard.In terms of fruit yield and quality,the fruit yield of thinning orchards was significantly higher than that of unthinning orchards,and the single fruit weight,coloration,soluble solid content and titrable acid were all better than those of unthinning orchards.In terms of soil physicochemical properties,the content of soil available nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and organic matter in 0~40 cm soil layer of thinning orchard was significantly higher than that of unthinning orchard.【Conclusion】Thinning can improve the photosynthetic rate of plant leaves,promote the growth of new shoots and the formation of short shoots,improve the proportion of tree branches,improve fruit quality and yield,and also increase the content of available nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and organic matter in rhizosphere soil to some extent.