数据信用的法益属性及刑法保护模式

Confirmation of Legal Interests of Data Credit and Choice of Criminal Law Protection Model

以刷单炒信为代表的新型违法行为严重侵害他人的数据信用,需要刑法介入规制。我国《民法典》将数据信用纳入名誉权范畴,相应地,可将数据信用犯罪侵犯的刑法法益归结为名誉法益。现行《刑法》之下,侵犯企业数据信用行为不能定性为破坏生产经营罪,侵犯个人数据信用行为则无对应的规制罪名。鉴于此,有必要通过立法加以规范。不宜单独设立妨害业务罪等罪名,而应着眼于法益的共通性,通过修订《刑法》第221条、第246条的构成要件实现规制目标。

The new illegal behavior represented by Inflating trading order and hyping credit seriously infringes the data credit of others,which needs to be regulated by criminal law.China’s Civil Code includes data credit into the category of reputation right,and accordingly,the criminal legal interest of data credit crime can be summed up as reputation legal interest.According to the current criminal law,the behavior of infringing enterprise data credit cannot be characterized as the crime of damaging production and management,while the behavior of infringing personal data credit has no corresponding regulation charge.In view of this,it is necessary to regulate it through legislation.It is not appropriate to set up the crime of obstructing business alone,instead,it is necessary to focus on the commonality of legal interests and achieve the regulation goal by revising the constituent elements of Articles 221 and 246 of the Criminal Law.