对外开放提高旅游经济效率的作用过程与传导机制——基于2000-2019年中国面板数据的实证

Research on the Mechanism of Promoting Tourism Economic Efficiency through Opening to the Outside World——An Empirical Study Based on China's Panel Data from 2000 to 2019

在“双循环”新发展格局下,对外开放是促进旅游经济效率提升的重要动力。微观层面,对外开放能够通过促进要素升级实现旅游经济效率的提升;中观层面,对外开放能够通过结构优化提升旅游经济效率;宏观层面,对外开放能够通过制度优化促进旅游经济效率的提升。文章基于2000—2019年中国30个省际(西藏和港澳台除外)的面板数据,采用DEA-MI模型测算旅游经济效率进行时空分析,再运用面板固定效应模型和中介效应模型实证分析对外开放提高旅游经济效率的内在机制。研究发现:对外开放对提升旅游经济效率具有正向的促进作用,且受地理区位、资源禀赋、发展阶段不同的影响存在区域异质性;要素升级、结构优化和制度优化是对外开放促进旅游经济效率提升的主要渠道,制度优化的作用效果最大,且不同机制的作用效果存在典型的区域异质性,具体表现为:沿海地区三种中介效应均存在,制度优化效应最大;非沿海地区仅存在要素升级和结构优化效应,要素升级是主要机制。文章的研究发现有助于明确对外开放提高旅游经济效率的内在机理,发挥对外开放对提高旅游经济效率的促进作用。

Under the new development pattern of"double circulation",opening up is an important driving force to promote the efficiency of tourism economy.At the micro level,opening to the outside world can improve the efficiency of tourism economy by promoting the upgrading of factors;At the medium level,opening up can improve the efficiency of tourism economy through structural optimization;At the macro level,opening up can promote the efficiency of tourism economy through institutional optimization.Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China(excluding Tibet,Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan)from 2000 to 2019,the DEA-MI model is used to measure the tourism economic efficiency for space-time analysis,and then the panel fixed effect model and intermediary effect model are used to empirically analyze the internal mechanism of opening up to the outside world to promote the tourism economic efficiency.The study found that opening up has a positive role in promoting the efficiency of tourism economy,and there is regional heterogeneity due to different geographical location,resource endowment and development stages;Factor upgrading,structural optimization and institutional optimization are the main channels for opening up to the outside world to promote the efficiency of tourism economy.Institutional optimization has the greatest effect,and the effect of different mechanisms has typical regional heterogeneity,which is manifested as follows:the three intermediary effects exist in coastal provinces,and the institutional optimization effect is the largest;The non-coastal provinces only have the effect of factor upgrading and structural optimization,and factor upgrading is the main mechanism.The research in this paper will help to clarify the internal mechanism of opening up to the outside world to promote the efficiency of tourism economy,and play the role of opening up economy in promoting the efficiency of tourism economy.