国家公园社区居民可持续生计研究——以海南热带雨林国家公园霸王岭片区为例

Research on Sustainable Livelihoods of Residents in National Park Community:A Case Study on Bawangling Area in the National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest

在国家公园新型保护地政策下,社区居民生计面临着转型挑战。本文在英国国际发展署(Department for International Development,DFID)提出的可持续生计方法(Sustainable Livelihood Approach,SLA)框架基础上,引入社区居民生计资本,构建了国家公园社区居民可持续生计分析框架,并选取我国海南热带雨林国家公园霸王岭片区作为案例地,对周边社区居民生计资本情况、生计策略和影响生计策略等因素进行了调研。研究结果表明,霸王岭社区居民生计资本总体水平较低;目前形成了农林业主导、务工主导、半工半农林、公职收入、自营工商和多种兼业型等6种生计策略类型;影响霸王岭周边社区居民家庭生计策略选择的因素有自然、人力以及社会资本。

The National Park’s reserve policy is presenting significant challenges to community livelihoods.Based on the SLA framework proposed by DFID,this paper introduced community livelihood capital to construct a sustainable livelihood analysis framework for community residents living in national parks.Using Bawangling area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park as a case study.A survey was conducted on the livelihood capital,livelihood strategies and factors influencing livelihood strategies among community residents.The results showed that the overall level of livelihood capital among Bawangling residents was relatively low.Livelihood strategies are divided into six types,namely,agriculture and forestry-oriented,labor-oriented,half-working and half-farming,public employment,business-oriented and part-time-oriented.The factors affecting the choice of livelihood strategies were natural,human and social capital.