海南热带雨林国家公园高速公路穿越段的生态修复社会化参与方式

Ecological Restoration with Local Community Participation in the Expressway-Crossing Regions of National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest

海南热带雨林国家公园是我国首批5个国家公园之一,也是唯一分布有高速公路的国家公园。高速公路穿越段地处乡村,地形与景观复杂,需要当地社会化参与,才能顺利开展长期监测和全面的生态修复,有效防控道路带来的景观破碎化和环境污染等问题。本文通过文献资料、野外实验和实地调研,研究发现海南热带雨林国家公园的高速公路穿越段稍有景观破碎化、生境隔离和生态环境质量下降等环境问题,以及该区域以黎族、苗族等少数民族为主的常住人口传统生产生活方式与国家公园建设发展不平衡等社会现状。在此基础上,建议建立政府主导和社会共同参与的生态修复机制,鼓励引导社会组织、专家学者和企业等以志愿服务、科学研究、资本参与等形式,在高速公路穿越段的关键区域(如河流与农田附近)修建收集道路径流的沉淀池与人工湿地,降低道路径流对周边带来的重金属与富营养化污染;增设高架林地与下穿涵洞等生态廊道,提升高速公路两侧生态系统的完整性与景观连续性。同时,借助高速公路的交通便捷等优点,挖掘高速公路穿越段的黎苗传统文化,整合纳入周边景区的规划,发展生态旅游和研学教育,提高公众生态保护意识。社会化参与的生态修复能够有效组织、发动当地社区和社会力量参与生态修复,实现可持续的环境治理,以期促进乡村振兴、国家公园与生态文明的协调发展。

Societal participation in ecological restoration can effectively improve ecosystem stability and integrity of national parks,while promoting the public unity in building the national parks.National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest is the only national park in China with expressways.Through literature collection,field surveys,and investigations,this study found that the construction and operation of expressways had caused ecological problems such as landscape fragmentation,habitat isolation and ecological/environment degradation in the park,and the traditional development of permanent population with Li,Miao and other ethnic minorities has been unbalanced with the park’s construction of the national park.To address these issues,we suggested establishing a government-led and public-participated ecological restoration mechanism.We can encourage and guide societal organizations,experts,scholars and enterprises to build ecological corridors,and recovery the key areas(i.e.secondary forest,artificial forest,river,and farmland)in the expressway crossing section of the park by voluntary service,scientific research and capital participation.We can also guide people to participate in community management and construction;explore the traditional culture of Li and Miao based on the science and technology and ecology,develop eco-tourism and research education,mobilize public enthusiasm,strengthen publicity and education,improve public awareness of ecological conservation and protection,and jointly participate in the ecological restoration of the National Park.It is expected to promote rural revitalization and ecological civilization in combination with construction of National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest.