我国玉米进出口贸易的现状问题及对策

Current Situation,Problems and Countermeasures of China’s Corn Import and Export Trade

玉米是我国第一大粮食作物,是重要的饲料来源和工业原料。目前我国是世界最大的玉米进口国,玉米贸易逆差持续扩大,进口依存度居高不下,阻碍了我国玉米产业的发展,从而严重影响我国国家粮食安全战略的实施。基于面源数据,分析了玉米的贸易额、进口渠道、贸易逆差和进口依存度,得到以下主要结论:我国玉米贸易规模呈持续增长趋势,进口渠道相对集中,进口依存度不断提高,存在玉米竞争力不足、粮食安全和能源安全风险。今后要适度发展规模经营以增加玉米单产;推动玉米进口来源多元化,提高我国议价能力;加大扶持和补贴力度,提高玉米国际竞争力。

Corn is the largest grain crop in China.It is important source of feed and industrial raw materials.At present,China is the world’s largest importer of corn,with a continuously expanding trade deficit and high import dependence,which hinders the development of China’s corn industry and seriously affects the implementation of China’s national food security strategy.Based on surface source data,the trade volume,import channels,trade deficit,and import dependence of corn are analyzed.The main conclusions are as follows:China’s corn trade scale is showing a sustained growth trend,with relatively concentrated import channels and continuously increasing import dependence.There are risks such as insufficient competitiveness of corn,food security,and energy security.In the future,it is necessary to moderately develop scale management to increase corn yield per unit area,promote the diversification of corn import sources and improve China’s bargaining power,and increase support and subsidies to enhance the international competitiveness of corn.