个体自由与善好生活的构建——从人类学“伦理转向”看当代中国的伦理图景

Constructing Individual Freedom and a Good Life:An Analysis of Contemporary Chinese Ethical Landscape from the Perspective of"the Turn of Ethics"in Anthropology

在当今中国,现实生活中对伦理议题的关照与社会科学研究中伦理议题的缺失之间,存在着巨大的张力。本文首先讨论伦理议题在社会科学语境中缺失的原因,继而结合人类学理论中新兴的“伦理转向”,指出在现代性背景下,通过区分抽象的道德准则与具体的伦理实践,可以从个体自由与个体责任的角度重新思考伦理问题。最后,在对中国的伦理图景进行概述性的分析之后,可以看到,各种价值系统的重叠为当代中国人的伦理生活带来了困境,也对个体的责任与担当提出了更高的要求。

In contemporary China,there is a tension between the concerns in ethics in real life and the ignorance to ethics in social science researches.This article discusses the reasons for the lack of attention to ethics in social sciences,and points out that from the perspective of"the turn of ethics"in anthropology,in a world of modernity,it is possible to rethink ethics from the stand point of individual freedom and individual responsibility by distinguishing between abstract moral norms and specific ethical practices.Finally,this article summarizes the ethical landscape in China,arguing that the overlap of various value systems has brought challenges to the ethical life of contemporary Chinese and put forward higher requirements for individual responsibility and accountability.