提议者的班级角色对中高年级小学生公平偏好的影响:来自ERP的证据

The Effect of Proposer’s Class Role on the Fairness Preference of Middle and Upper Grade Students in Primary School:An ERP Study

目的:探究提议者的班级角色对中高年级小学生公平偏好的影响。方法:研究一采用改编的最后通牒博弈范式探究中高年级小学生提议者的班级角色对公平偏好的影响。研究二借助ERP技术,考察提议者的班级角色对公平偏好影响的神经机制。结果:①中高年级小学生具有公平偏好,且高年级对于不公平结果的拒绝率显著高于中年级小学生;②提议者的班级角色能够影响中高年级小学生的公平偏好,但高年级小学生的公平偏好受分配结果的限制。③相对于不公平分配结果,公平分配结果会诱发高年级小学生更大的P300平均波幅;分配结果为亚公平时,班级角色不同所诱发的P300平均波幅差异显著。结论:提议者的班级角色能够在一定程度对中高年级小学生的公平偏好产生影响,但高年级受分配结果的限制,且公平分配结果会诱发更大的P300平均波幅。

Objective:To explore the effect of class role on the fairness preference of middle and upper grade school students.Methods:Experiment 1 used an adapted ultimatum game paradigm to explore the influence of proposer’s class role on fairness preference in middle and senior primary school students.Experiment 2 used ERP technology to examine the neural mechanism of the influence of proposer’s class role on fairness preference.Results:①Middle and high grade primary school students had fairness preference,and the rejection rate for unfair results was significantly higher in high grade than middle grade primary school students;②The proposer’s class role affected the fairness preferences of middle and high grade pupils,but fairness preferences of the senior grade was limited by the distribution results.③The neural processing characteristics of fairness preference were that,compared with the unfair distribution result,the fair distribution result induced a larger average P300 amplitude in the senior primary school students;when the distribution result was sub-equitable,the difference in the average P300 amplitude induced by different class roles was significant.Conclusion:The proposer’s class role can affect the fairness preference of middle and high grade primary school students to a certain extent,but that of the high grade is limited by the distribution result,and the fair distribution result will induce a larger average P300 fluctuation.