济南市6~18岁儿童青少年散光分布特征及矫正情况

Distribution Characteristics and Correction of Astigmatism in Children and Adolescents Aged 6-18 Years in Jinan

目的:调查济南市6~18岁儿童青少年散光的流行病学分布,探讨该人群散光类型和程度的分布规律。方法:横断面调查研究。本研究于2021年10—12月对济南市12个区县1056所学校共1034863位中小学生进行视力及屈光筛查。采用满足GB/T1533的视力表检查视力,采用符合ISO0342要求的台式电脑验光仪对筛查学生进行非睫状肌麻痹下屈光检测,测量3次,取其平均值。年龄变化趋势采用Cochran-Armitage趋势检验,分类数据分析采用卡方检验。结果:最终纳入年龄6~18岁中小学生1016053人数据进行分析。济南市6~18岁学生散光患病率为48.8%,其中轻度散光率为25.9%,中度散光率为16.6%,重度散光率为6.3%。男生散光率为50.0%,女生散光率为47.4%。单纯左眼散光率(15.8%)明显高于单纯右眼散光率(7.3%),差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=15900,P<0.001)。双眼均散光率(25.7%)高于单眼散光率,差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=15940,P<0.001)。轻、中、重度散光率随年龄增长逐渐增高,差异有统计学意义(Z值分别为-82.8、-181.0、-91.3,均P<0.001)。顺规散光在不同性别、眼别中均占比最大,其中左眼顺规散光占比最大,为93.1%。顺规散光构成比中,男生高于女生,左眼高于右眼,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。7岁之后,复合远视散光随年龄增长占比逐渐减少,差异有统计学意义(Z=-123.3,均P<0.001)。复合近视散光随年龄增长占比逐渐增大(Z=-82.9,均P<0.001)。散光总矫正率为46.1%。结论:散光在6~18岁人群中的发病率较高,各年龄组散光度分布均以低中度散光为主。不同分类中以顺规散光、复合近视散光为主。

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of astigmatism in children and adolescents aged 6-18 years in Jinan city,and to explore the distribution of the types and degrees of astigmatism in this population.Methods:In this cross-sectional study,a total of 1034863 primary and secondary school students from 1056 schools in 12 districts and counties of Jinan City were screened for visual acuity and refraction screening,from October to December 2021.A visual acuity chart meeting the requirements of GB/T1533 was used to evaluate visual acuity,and an optometer meeting the requirements of ISO0342.was used to assess the refraction under non-ciliary paralysis.The average value was calculated.Cochran-Armitage trend test was used for age variation.Chi-square test was used for classified data.Results:The prevalence of astigmatism among students aged 6-18 years in Jinan was 48.8%,of which 25.9%is mild astigmatism,16.6%was moderate astigmatism,and 6.3%was severe astigmatism.The prevalence of astigmatism was 50.0%in males and 47.4%in females,showing no significant difference.The prevalence of astigmatism in left eye only(15.8%)was significantly higher than in right eye only(7.3%)(χ^(2)=15900,P<0.001).The prevalence of astigmatism in both eyes(25.7%)was higher than in single eye only(χ^(2)=15940,P<0.001).The prevalence of mild,moderate and severe astigmatism increased with age(Z=-82.8,-181.0,-91.3,all P<0.001).With the rule(WTR)astigmatism accounted for the largest proportion in different genders and eyes.The proportion of WTR astigmatism in the left eye was the largest(93.1%).The proportion of WTR astigmatism was higher in boys than in girls,and higher in the left eye than in the right eye,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).After 7 years old,the proportion of compound hyperopic astigmatism gradually decreased with age,the difference was statistically significant(Z=-123.3,all P<0.001).The proportion of combined myopic astigmatism increased with age(Z=-82.9,all P<0.001).The total rate of astigmatism correction was 46.1%.Conclusions:The incidence of astigmatism is high in people aged 6-18 years.In terms of distribution,the main astigmatisms were mild and moderate astigmatism.In the terms of classification,the main astigmatisms were astigmatism with the rule and compound myopic astigmatism.