小胶质细胞及其介导的神经炎症在帕金森病中的作用

The role of microglia and microglia⁃mediated neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease

随着社会老龄化进程加快,帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)的患病率呈上升趋势。近年来大量证据表明神经炎症在PD进展中起到了重要作用,尤其在PD病理学相关的基底神经节和黑质内的风险区域周围,小胶质细胞的受损和过度激活引发了氧化应激、线粒体自噬和自噬功能障碍、α⁃突触核蛋白积累及促炎细胞因子释放,而这些损伤因素介导的神经元损伤又进一步加剧小胶质细胞激活,这种恶性循环对PD的病理进展起到了重要作用。因此,探究PD病理过程中小胶质细胞的作用及其机制对PD的诊断和治疗具有重要意义。

With the aging process of society accelerating,the prevalence of Parkinson’s disease(PD)is rising.In recent years,plenty of evidence has proved that neuroinflammation plays a vital role in the progression of PD,especially around the risk areas in the basal ganglia and substantia nigra(SN).The damage and hyperactivation of microglia trigger oxidative stress,mitochondrial autophagy and autophagy dysfunction,the accumulation ofα⁃synuclein and the release of pro⁃inflammatory cytokines,the neuronal damage mediated by these injury factors can further aggravate the activation of microglia,emphasizing the importance of this vicious cycle in the pathogenesis of PD.Therefore,exploring the role and mechanism of microglia in the pathogenesis of PD is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of PD.