为学与成人之道:论学习意志的生成及其教学实现

Pave the Way for Learning and Growth:The Generation of Study Will and Its Teaching Realization

学习意志是个体在学习过程中表现出的一种持续性精神动力和理性实践倾向。它体现了学生学习的主体性和自主性,同时具有目标性、实践性和创造性等特征。设计有意义的活动,引导学生形成意向性目标,是生成学习意志的前提;价值澄清、目标追寻和理性实践是学习意志的过程;而超越自我与实现自我则是学习意志的归属。当前我国课堂教学过于注重符号认知过程,漠视学习活动中学生的学习意志及其对个体精神发育与品格养成的重要价值。为此,教学需要确立学习的意志过程取向,构建基于认知、情感和意志的多维学习观;将意志力纳入学生能力培养目标,在学科教学中锤炼学生的意志品质;营造问题驱动式课堂教学,提供生发学习意志的教学环境。

Study Will is a kind of persistent spiritual motivation and rational practice tendency shown by individuals in the process of learning.It embodies the subjectivity and autonomy of students’learning,and has the characteristics of goal,practicality and creativity.Designing meaningful activities and guiding students to form intentional goals are the premise of generating Study Will;value clarification,goal pursuit and rational practice are the process of Study Will;and self-transcendence and self-realization are the ultimate goal of Study Will.At present,classroom teaching in our country pays too much attention to the cognitive process of symbols,ignoring the Study Will of students in learning activities and its important value to individual spiritual development and character building.Therefore,it is necessary to establish an orientation of teaching emphasizing the will process of learning,to construct the multi-dimensional learning concept based on cognition,emotion and will,to bring willpower into the training goal of students’ability,to temper students’will quality in subject teaching,to create a problem-driven classroom teaching,and to provide a teaching environment for the development of Study Will.