山地骑行旅游的时空特征及形成机理——以贵州省为例

Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Mountain Biking Tourism and the Mechanism of its Formation:A Case Study of Guizhou Province

低风险出游和健康需求推动山地骑行旅游发展,但少有研究揭示其时空特征及机理。文章基于骑行轨迹数据、统计数据等多源数据,综合运用季节性强度指数、经验模态分解法、复杂网络分析、地理探测器等研究方法,以贵州省为案例地,实证探讨山地骑行旅游的时空特征及其形成机理。结果表明:(1)贵州山地骑行旅游发展具有成长性,且具有明显的季节性,旺淡季分别是夏季和冬季。时序变化具有波动性和周期性,以中低频率波动为主,波动周期为9个月,峰值出现在4月~8月,与贵州山地避暑旅游目的地的特征相吻合。(2)贵州山地骑行旅游时空演化呈多核心协同发展特征,形成以贵阳为极核区域,以兴义、仁怀、赤水、凯里为孤立核点,以东西走向和南北走向为骑行旅游发展轴线,由花溪、清镇、观山湖等中心向外围辐射的空间网络结构。(3)贵州山地骑行旅游空间分异格局受到经济发展水平、山地自然要素、气候环境条件等因素的综合影响,因素之间的交互作用多为协同增强效应,区域市场规模、经济发展水平、山地自然条件、交通便利程度等多因素交互耦合作用共同驱动着山地骑行旅游格局的形成。山地骑行旅游时间和空间特征的描述性分析及其形成机理,对于协调山地旅游目的地的人地关系、旅游线路的规划设计及骑行设施的布局优化具有重要意义。

Low-risk travel and health needs drive the development of mountain biking tourism,but few studies have revealed its spatial and temporal characteristics and mechanisms.Based on multi-source data such as cycling track data and statistical data,the article used a combination of research methods such as seasonal intensity index,empirical modal decomposition method,complex network analysis and geographic probe to empirically explore the spatio-temporal pattern characteristics of mountain cycling tourism and its formation mechanism by using Guizhou province as a case in point.The results show that:(1)the development of mountain riding tourism in Guizhou is growth-oriented and has obvious seasonality,with the peak and low seasons being summer and winter respectively.The temporal changes are fluctuating and cyclical,with medium to low frequency fluctuations,and a fluctuation period of nine months and peaks occurring in April to August,which is consistent with the characteristics of Guizhou’s mountain summer tourism destinations;(2)the spatio-temporal evolution of mountain cycling tourism in Guizhou shows a multi-core synergistic development,forming a spatial network structure with Guiyang district and county as the extreme core regions,Xingyi,Renhuai,Chishui and Kaili as isolated core points,east-west and north-south directions as axes of cycling tourism development,and centers such as Huaxi,Qingzhen and Guanshan Lake radiating to the periphery;(3)the spatial differentiation of mountain cycling tourism in Guizhou is influenced by a combination of factors,including the level of economic development,natural elements of the mountains,climatic and environmental conditions,and their interaction which is mostly synergistic and enhancing.The formation of mountain cycling tourism patterns is driven by factors such as regional market size,level of economic development,natural mountain conditions,and accessibility.The descriptive analysis of the temporal and spatial characteristics of mountain cycling tourism and its formation mechanism are of great significance for the coordination of the relationship between people and places in mountain tourism destinations,and also for the planning and design of tourism routes and the layout optimization of cycling facilities.