高质量半导体-超导体纳米线原位分子束外延和低温量子输运研究进展

Research Progress on in-Situ Molecular-Beam Epitaxial Growth and Low-Temperature Quantum Transport Properties of High-Quality Semiconductor-Superconductor Nanowires

局域环境和量子比特之间的相互作用引起的量子退相干是目前限制量子计算发展的主要技术瓶颈。基于马约拉纳零能模的拓扑量子计算通过将量子信息非局域地存储于两个空间分离的马约拉纳零能模及其拓扑结构中,实现对局域噪音的免疫,有望从物理层面解决量子退相干问题。强自旋轨道耦合窄禁带半导体与超导体构成的异质结纳米线是研究马约拉纳零能模和拓扑量子计算的理想实验平台。本文综述了近年来高质量半导体-超导体纳米线的原位分子束外延制备和低温量子输运研究进展,并对半导体-超导体纳米线拓扑量子计算研究进行了展望。

One of the biggest challenges to the reliability of quantum computers is decoherence caused by the interaction between local environment and quantum bits.Among the major approaches being pursued for realizing quantum bits,the Majorana-based platform has attracted increasing interest in recent years since it stores quantum information in a topologically-protected manner.The quantum information is protected by its nonlocal storage in localized and well-separated Majorana zero modes,which is expected to solve the problem of quantum decoherence.Semiconductor-superconductor hybrid nanowires are promising platforms for studying Majorana zero modes and topological quantum computation.This article reviews the recent progress of the in-situ molecular-beam epitaxial growth and low-temperature quantum transport properties of the high-quality semiconductor-superconductor nanowires.The prospects of the topological quantum computing based on semiconductor-superconductor nanowires are also prospected finally.