2010-2019年中国9~18岁汉族女生月经初潮年龄的变化趋势

Trend of age of menarche among Chinese Han girls aged 9 to 18 years from 2010 to 2019

目的分析2010—2019年中国9~18岁汉族女生月经初潮年龄的变化趋势。方法利用2010、2014和2019年全国学生体质与健康调研数据,以月经初潮资料完整的253037名9~18岁汉族女生为对象,采用一对一询问调查对象月经状态、年龄和居住地等资料,采用概率回归法计算月经初潮中位年龄,采用U检验比较不同年份月经初潮中位年龄的差异。结果2010、2014和2019年中国9~18岁汉族女生月经初潮中位年龄(95%CI)分别为12.47(12.09~12.83)、12.17(11.95~12.38)和12.05(10.82~13.08)岁;与2010年相比,2019年中国9~18岁汉族女生月经初潮中位年龄提前了0.42岁(U=-77.27,P<0.001)。2010—2014年和2014—2019年的年平均提前量分别为-0.076岁和-0.023岁(U值分别为-57.19和-21.41,均P<0.001)。城市2010—2014年和2014—2019年平均变化量分别为-0.071岁和0.006岁,乡村地区分别为-0.082岁和-0.053岁。华北、东北、华东、中南、西南和西北地区2010—2014年平均变化量分别为-0.064、-0.099、-0.091、-0.080、-0.096和-0.041岁,2014—2019年平均变化量为0.001、-0.040、-0.002、-0.005、-0.043和-0.081岁。结论2010—2019年中国9~18岁汉族女生月经初潮年龄呈提前趋势,城乡和不同地区的变化趋势呈现不同特点。

Objective To analyze the trends of the age of menarche among Chinese Han girls aged 9 to 18 years from 2010 to 2019.Methods Data were extracted from the Chinese National Surveys on Students′Constitution and Health in 2010,2014 and 2019.A total of 253037 Han girls aged 9 to 18 years with complete data on menarche were selected in this study.They were asked one-on-one about their menstrual status,age and residence information.The median age of menarche was estimated by probability regression.U tests were used to compare the difference in median age at menarche in different years.Results The median age at menarche(95%CI)among Chinese Han girls was 12.47(12.09-12.83)years in 2010,12.17(11.95-12.38)years in 2014 and 12.05(10.82-13.08)years in 2019,respectively.Compared with that in 2010,the median age at menarche in 2019 decreased by 0.42 years(U=-77.27,P<0.001).The annual average changes were-0.076 years from 2010 to 2014(U=-57.19,P<0.001)and-0.023 years from 2014 to 2019(U=-21.41,P<0.001),respectively.The average annual changes in urban areas in the periods of 2010 to 2014 and 2014 to 2019 were-0.071 years and 0.006 years,respectively,while those in rural areas were-0.082 years and-0.053 years,respectively.The average annual changes in the regions of north,northeast,east,south central,southwest and northwest were-0.064,-0.099,-0.091,-0.080,-0.096 and-0.041 years in the period of 2010 to 2014 and 0.001,-0.040,-0.002,-0.005,-0.043 and-0.081 years in the period of 2014 to 2019.Conclusion The age of menarche among Chinese Han girls aged 9 to 18 years shows an advanced trend from 2010 to 2019,and the trends in urban and rural areas and different regions have different characteristics.