2010-2019年中国7~17岁汉族儿童青少年正常高值血压和血压偏高的流行趋势

Prevalence trend of high normal blood pressure and elevated blood pressure in Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 7-17 years from 2010 to 2019

目的分析2010—2019年中国7~17岁儿童青少年正常高值血压和血压偏高检出率的变化趋势。方法从2010—2019年中国30个省份(不包括中国西藏、香港地区、澳门地区和台湾地区)学生体质与健康调研数据资料中,分别选取身高、体重、城乡、出生年月日、学段信息完整的7~17岁汉族儿童青少年197397、196790和195625名作为研究对象。依据《7~18岁儿童青少年血压偏高筛查界值(WS/T 610—2018)》判定正常高值血压和血压偏高,并描述其分布和流行特征,采用χ^(2)检验分析其性别、城乡等组间差异,通过计算年均增长率估计变化速度。结果我国2019年7~17岁儿童青少年正常血压高值检出率为15.3%(29855/195625),其中男生检出率20.2%(19779/97847)高于女生检出率10.3%(10076/97778),乡村检出率15.4%(15066/97567)高于城市检出率15.1%(14789/98058)(均P<0.05);血压偏高检出率为13.0%(25377/195625),其中女生检出率13.2%(12925/97778)高于男生检出率12.7%(12452/97847),乡村检出率14.1%(13753/97567)高于城市检出率11.9%(11624/98058)(均P<0.05)。2010—2019年中国7~17岁儿童青少年正常高值血压检出率呈上升趋势,正常高值血压检出率年均增长率为1.14%~3.18%。2010—2019年中国7~17岁儿童青少年血压偏高检出率总体呈上升趋势,但2014年有所下降;2010—2014年血压偏高检出率年均增长率为-1.07%,2014—2019年为9.33%。2010—2014年血压偏高检出率呈增长趋势的省份有17个,2014—2019年血压偏高检出率呈增长趋势的省份有22个。正常高值血压和血压偏高检出率的年均增长率的地区差异明显,2010—2014年和2014—2019年正常高值血压检出率的年均增长率较高的地区分为东北(5.47%)和西部地区(5.21%);2010—2014年东北地区血压偏高检出率的年均增长率较高(12.35%),2014—2019年中部(15.79%)和西部地区(12.87%)血压偏高检出率的年均增长率较高。结论2010—2019年中国7~17岁汉族儿童青少年正常高值血压和血压偏高检出率呈上升趋势,且存在地区差异。

Objective To investigate the prevalence trend of high normal blood pressure and elevated blood pressure in children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years in China from 2010 to 2019.Methods Students aged 7-17 years were selected from the Chinese National Survey on Students′Constitution and Health from 2010 to 2019.High normal blood pressure and elevated blood pressure were determined according to the"Reference of screening for elevated blood pressure among children and adolescents aged 7-18 years"(WS/T 610—2018).The Chi-square test was performed to determine whether there was a difference in the prevalence of high normal blood pressure and elevated blood pressure by gender,residence and age group.Results In 2019,the prevalence of high normal blood pressure in children and adolescents aged 7-17 years was 15.3%(29855/195625),which was higher in boys(20.2%,19779/97847)and rural areas(15.4%,15066/97567)than that in girls(10.3%,10076/97778)and urban areas(15.1%,14789/98058),respectively(all P<0.05).The prevalence of elevated blood pressure was 13.0%(25377/195625),which was higher in girls(13.2%,12925/97778)and rural areas(14.1%,13753/97567)than that in boys(12.7%,12452/97847)and urban areas(11.9%,11624/98058)(all P<0.05).From 2010 to 2019,the prevalence of high normal blood pressure showed an increasing trend,with an annual average growth rate from 1.14%to 3.18%.The overall prevalence of elevated blood pressure also showed an increasing trend from 2010 to 2019 but decreased in 2014.The annual average growth rate of elevated blood pressure was-1.07%from 2010 to 2014 and 9.33%from 2014 to 2019.About 17 provinces had an increasing trend in the prevalence of elevated blood pressure from 2010 to 2014,and 22 provinces with an increasing trend from 2014 to 2019.There were obvious regional differences in the annual average growth rate of the prevalence of high normal blood pressure and elevated blood pressure.The regions with the highest annual average growth rate of the prevalence of high normal blood pressure were the Northeast(5.47%)from 2010 to 2014 and the Western region(5.21%)from 2014 to 2019.For elevated blood pressure,the Northeast had the highest annual average growth rate from 2010 to 2014(12.35%),while the Central(15.79%)and Western(12.87%)had the highest growth rate from 2014 to 2019.Conclusion From 2010 to 2019,the prevalence of high normal blood pressure and elevated blood pressure in Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 shows an increasing trend,with regional disparities.