有机硫化物在可充电电池中的研究进展

Research Progress of Organosulfur in Rechargeable Batteries

近年来,有机硫化物因具有结构灵活、种类繁多、资源丰富和环境友好的特点而在储能领域得到广泛应用,并展示出较大的发展前景.有机硫化物在充放电过程中会发生硫-硫(S—S)键的可逆断裂和形成,分子中S—S键的数目决定了电子转移的多少,而有机基团可以影响电池的电化学行为.本文综合评述了有机硫化物在可充电电池中的研究进展,主要包括有机硫小分子和聚合物正极材料在可充电锂电池中的应用,有机硫电解液添加剂对锂-硫(Li-S)和锂-硒(Li-Se)电池性能的影响及有机硫材料在其它可充电电池中的应用等4个方面.这些结构可调的有机硫化物展示出优异的循环稳定性,改变了传统Li-S和Li-Se电池的氧化-还原路径,参与正负极固体电解质界面的形成,能抑制多硫化物的穿梭效应,阻止锂枝晶的生长.最后,讨论了有机硫化物在可充电电池领域未来研究发展中面临的挑战.

Organosulfur has been widely used in the field of energy storage in recent years due to their flexible and diverse structure,resourcefulness and environmental friendliness,showing great promise for development.During the charge and discharge,sulfur-sulfur(S—S)bonds can be reversibly broken and formed.The number of S—S bonds in the molecule determines the amount of electron transfer,and organic groups can affect the electrochemical behavior of the batteries.In this review,we introduced the research progress of organosulfur in rechargeable batteries including the application of organosulfur small molecules and polymer-based cathode materials in rechargeable lithium batteries,the influence of organosulfur electrolyte additives on the performance of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)and lithium-selenium(Li-Se)batteries,and the application of organosulfur materials in other rechargeable batteries.These organosulfur with adjustable structures show excellent cycle stability,change the redox pathways of traditional Li-S and Li-Se batteries,participate in the formation of solid electrolyte interfaces in cathode and anode,inhibit the shuttle effect of polysulfides,and prevent the growth of lithium dendrites.Finally,the challenges faced by organosul⁃fur in the future research and development of rechargeable batteries were discussed.