中空贵金属纳米材料氧还原催化的研究进展

Research Progress on Hollow Precious Metal-based Nanostructures for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

中空纳米结构具有比表面积大、传质可控和活性位点明确等优势,其结构设计与电催化应用在能源转化与储存领域引起了广泛关注.特别是中空贵金属纳米材料用于氧还原催化时,中空内腔引入到贵金属纳米结构,不仅暴露更多的活性位点,还能减少贵金属的用量,这将为贵金属催化剂的大规模应用提供一个理想的研发平台.本文综合评述了近年来中空贵金属的合成策略及其氧还原催化应用.首先,回顾了中空贵金属在氧还原催化剂研制中的优势与意义;然后,介绍了近期关于中空贵金属的制备策略(硬模板法、软模板法、自模板和无模板法等)及其优势;最后,分析了中空贵金属在氧还原领域所面临的挑战,并对其设计进行了展望.

Hollow nanostructures have been receiving great attention for structural design and electrocatalytic applications in energy conversion and storage due to their large specific area,tunable mass transfer rates,and welldefined active sites.Especially when hollow precious metal-based nanostructures are used as oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)electrocatalysts,the introduction of interior cavity in hollow precious metal-based nanostructures(HPMs)can expose more active sites and reduce the amount of costly precious metals,which will provide a desirable platform to achieve their large-scale applications.Herein,recent progress on synthesis and ORR application of the HPMs is summarized.First,a brief review of the advantages and significance for developing HPMs towards ORR is given.Further,four main strategies to synthesize HPMs,including hard-,soft-and self-template methods,as well as template-free methods,are explicitly described in terms of recent advances and their advantages.Finally,the remaining challenges and promising solutions are summarized to provide some useful clues for the future development of the HPMs in ORR field.