《伤寒论》“传经”概念的演变与探讨

The Evolution and Exploration of the Concept of"Meridian"TransmissioSince the Republic of China

近现代,“日传一经”的原有概念已被多数医家摒弃,甚至不再以传经的具体时间作为研究的重点,而是趋于从科学的角度探讨传经相关概念的合理性。章太炎先生否定了“日传一经”,将“传经”之“经”释为“期候”,而非“形质”;曹颖甫认为,《伤寒论》之“日传一经”的说法与《素问》一致;时逸人不但否定了“日传一经”的说法,还否定了“传经”这一概念,其将“六经病”的基本特点与西医的病理表现结合,认为临床表现中的“六经病”传变与日期并无具体的规律可言;现代学者对于“日传一经,七日复传”这种说法基本持否定态度,探讨时多从这一概念流传背后的缘由进行思辨。近现代,受科学观与马克思主义唯物辩证法的影响,对于“传经”方式的探讨已经不再以《黄帝内经》的文本为主,而是更加注重临床实际的发展。恽铁樵基于“六经”即“六病”的理论基础,认为探讨“传经”的顺序没有意义;陆渊雷则以“六种证候群”的观点对“传经”顺序提出质疑。李克绍在解读“传经”一词时,以“臆说”为由,将临床诠释置于文本探讨之上,重点说解“传”这一字的意义,打破了原有文本释义框架的诠释思路。由上述可知,“传”字之于“传经”的表达,在“传经”这一概念的演变过程中,具有一定的针对性,无论是“传经”抑或是“转属”,其所对应的“经”都不再是传统释义。近代医家对“日传一经”的认识,建立在对“六经”概念的重组以及对“传经”一词的质疑基础上,现代学者又能从不同方向进行更为深层的逻辑思辨。从“日传一经”与“传经”一词的概念流变看,现代学者对于旧有概念的阐释,不同于近代医家“激流勇进”般的质疑与否定,而是在尝试解构文本的同时,赋予这些旧有概念新的意义。

In modern times and present time,the original concept of"disease transmission into a meridian each day"was abandoned by most doctors,and even the specific time of transmission was no longer the focus of research.Instead,it tended to explore the rationality of the relevant concepts of"meridian transmission"from a scientific perspective.Mr.Zhang Tai-yan denied the concept of"disease transmission into a meridian each day"and interpreted the"meridian"as"period"rather than"form and quality".Cao Ying-fu believed that the statement of"disease transmission into a meridian each day"in Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases is consistent with that in Plain Questions.Shi Yi-ren not only denied the statement of"disease transmission into a meridian each day",but also denied the concept of"meridian transmission".He combined the basic characteristics of"six meridian diseases"with the pathological manifestations of Western medicine,believing that there is no specific pattern between the transmission and change of"six meridian diseases"in clinical manifestations and the date.Modern scholars generally held a negative attitude towards the concept of"disease transmission into a meridian each day and repeating the circle every seven days",and when exploring,they often speculated on the reasons behind the spread of this concept.In modern times and present time,influenced by the scientific concept and Marxist dialectical materialism,the exploration of the"meridian transmission"pattern was no longer mainly based on the text of the Huangdi's Internal Classic,but more focused on the development of clinical practice.Yun Tie-qiao,based on the theoretical foundation of the"six meridians"or"six diseases",believed that exploring the order of"meridian transmission"was meaningless.Lu Yuan-lei questioned the order of"meridian transmission"from the perspective of"six-syndrome groups".When interpreting the term"meridian transmission",Li Ke-shao used the excuse of"speculation"to place clinical interpretation above textual exploration,focusing on explaining the meaning of the word"transmission",breaking the original interpretation framework of the text.From the above,it can be seen that the expression of the word"transmission"in"meridian transmission"has a certain specificity in the evolution process of the concept of"meridian transmission".Whether it is"meridian transmission"or"conversion",the corresponding"meridian"is no longer the traditional interpretation.The understanding of"disease transmission into a meridian each day"by doctors in modern times was based on the reorganization of the concept of"six meridians"and the questioning of the term"meridian transmission".Present scholars have been able to conduct deeper logical speculation from different directions.From the perspective of the conceptual changes of the terms of"disease transmission into a meridian each day"and"meridian transmission",the interpretation of old concepts in present time is different from the questioning and negation of"rushing forward"in modern times.Instead,while attempting to deconstruct the text,these old concepts are given new meanings.