论“守门人”制度的嬗变及其对完善我国互联网平台主体责任的启示

On the Transmutation of the Gatekeeper System and Its Enlightenment to the Perfection of the Subject Responsibility of Chinese Internet Platform

作为“守门人”的主体具备对通道的控制力,在相关制度的发展中承担监管辅助者与被监管对象的双重角色。在我国平台责任中应厘清“以网管网”与对超大型平台特殊监管的不同规制逻辑。“以网管网”属第三方执行策略,利用第三方平台的“守门”能力以监管用户的不法行为,在此过程中平台承担着辅助监管者的角色;而特殊义务制度通过对超大型平台课以一系列特殊义务,以约束和引导其私权力的行使,防止其“守门”权力的滥用。我国应在充分利用平台“守门”能力的同时有效避免“守门”权力的滥用,强化超大型平台特殊义务的构建,通过填补相关立法空白、优化“守门人”界定、设置区分性义务、保留规则的灵活性等手段引导平台经济产业的健康发展。

As the gatekeeper,the subject has the control over the access and plays the dual role of the regulatory assistant and the regulatory object in the development of the relevant system.In the responsibility of Chinese platform,we should clarify the different regulation logic of regulating the internet with the internet and the special regulation of super large platform.Regulating the internet with the internet is a third party enforcement strategy,which makes use of the"gatekeeping"ability of the third party platform to supervise users'illegal behaviors.In this process,the platform plays the role of auxiliary regulator;the special obligation system prevents the abuse of the gatekeeping power by imposing a series of special obligations on the super large platform and guiding its exercise of private power.Our country should make full use of the platform gatekeeping ability while effectively avoiding the abuse of gatekeeping power,strengthen the construction of special obligations of super large platforms,and guide the healthy development of platform economy industry by filling the gaps in relevant legislation,optimizing the definition of gatekeeper,setting distinguishing obligations,retaining the flexibility of rules and so on.