重污染企业绿色转型的路径优化——基于交易成本经济学视角

Path Optimization of Green Transformation of Heavy Pollution Enterprises——Based on the Perspective of Transaction Cost Economics

改革开放以来,中国经济取得了举世瞩目的巨大成就,但经济发展与生态环境保护之间仍存在着比较严重的不平衡问题。作为我国经济发展的支撑力量以及污染物排放的重要源头,重污染企业的绿色转型成为经济转轨时期生态文明建设的重点。当前重污染企业存在产业路径依赖程度高、绿色化发展程度低、转型难度大等问题。从交易成本经济学的角度来讲,造成这些问题的原因与资产专用性、不确定性和交易频率有关。资产专用性增加了重污染企业的转型成本,提高了转型风险,削弱了重污染企业的规模经济,从而影响绿色转型;不确定性会影响重污染企业的经营决策,对绿色创新形成挤出效应,同时还会产生寻租费用,从而影响绿色转型成本;交易频率会影响企业绿色转型的专用资产投资能否被收回问题,从而影响企业绿色转型。因此,应鼓励绿色技术创新,形成差异化激励机制,构建纵向一体化产业链,降低资产专用性对重污染企业绿色转型的影响;健全绿色金融体制,引导社会资本参与转型,最大限度地发挥规模经济优势;构建绿色转型机制,完善数字化服务体系,减少不确定性的影响,最大程度地发挥市场作用。

Since the reform and opening up,China's economy has made great achievements.But there is still a serious imbalance between economic development and ecological environment protection.As China's economic supporting force and main pollutant source,the green transformation of heavily polluting enterprises is a key focus of ecological civilization construction during the economic transition period.However,currently heavily polluting enterprises face many problems,such as high dependence on industrial paths,low greenness,and high degree of transformation difficulty.From the perspective of transaction cost economics,the problems may be related to asset specificity,uncertainty,and transaction frequency.Asset specificity increases the transformation cost of heavily polluting enterprises,brings transformation risks,weakens the economies of scale,and thus affects green transformation.Uncertainty can affect the operational decisions of heavily polluting enterprises.It has a crowding out effect on green innovation and generates rent-seeking costs,thereby affecting the cost of green transformation.The frequency of transactions affects the issue of whether the dedicated asset investment for green transformation of enterprises can be recovered,thereby affecting the green transformation of enterprises.Therefore,we should encourage the green technology innovation,form differentiated incentive mechanisms,construct vertical integrated industrial chains,and reduce the impact of asset specificity on the green transformation of heavily polluting enterprises.We should improve the green finance system,guide social capital to participate in the transformation,and maximize the advantages of economies of scale.We should establish a green transformation mechanism,improve the digital service system,reduce uncertainty,and maximize the market role.