间充质干细胞外泌体在炎症性肠病治疗中的研究进展

Research progress of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

炎症性肠病(IBD)是一种非特异性的慢性肠道炎性疾病,其病因未明且发病率逐年上升,传统疗法效果有限。间充质干细胞来源的外泌体(MSC-Exo)是一种纳米级别的细胞外囊泡,其发挥的功能与间充质干细胞(MSC)相当,无致瘤性且安全性高,代表了一种新型无细胞疗法。研究表明MSC-Exo可通过发挥抗炎、抗氧化应激、修复肠黏膜屏障、免疫调节等作用来改善IBD,但其应用于临床还面临诸如缺乏标准化的生产技术、缺少特异性的IBD诊断分子以及如何抗肠道纤维化等难题。

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic nonspecific inflammatory disease of the intestine,with unknown etiology and the incidence is increasing year by year.Traditional treatment has limited effect.Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(MsC-Exos)are a group of nano-sized extracellular vesicles.Their function is equivalent to that of mesenchymal stem cells(MsCs),with no tumorigenicity and high safety.They represent a novel cell-free therapy.It has been shown that MsC-Exos can improve IBD by effects including anti-inflammation,antioxidant stress,repairing intestinal mucosal barrier and immune regulation.However,their clinical application still faces some problems,such as the lack of standardized production technology,lack of specific IBD diagnostic molecules and anti-intestinal fibrosis.