上海市野生动物栖息地修复成效评价体系建立及应用

Establishment and Application of the Evaluation System for Wildlife Habitat Restoration in Shanghai

建设野生动物栖息地是应对城市化进程中野生动物及其生存环境逐渐消失、破碎化的关键手段,开展野生动物栖息地修复成效评价可以为后期维护管理提供科学支撑,是提升栖息地修复质量的有效机制。根据上海野生动物栖息地的特点,针对湿地、鸟类、蛙类和獐(Hydropotes inermis)4个典型修复类型,从修复目标、栖息地环境、生物质量和管护水平4个方面提出11个评价指标,基于层次分析法和专家评判法设置评价标准及分级体系,进行修复成效评价。研究表明:(1)提出的4类11个修复评价指标体系与评判标准能反映不同类型栖息地修复过程与效果。(2)参与评价的4个栖息地中,彭门湿地、吴淞江鸟类栖息地与叶榭獐栖息地修复效果良好,特别是在植被功能性、生物多样性以及管理有效性方面;大莲湖蛙类栖息地修复效果较差,未达到预期效果。(3)城市栖息地修复需注重生境质量的完整性,防范外来物种入侵风险,提升管理水平。该研究可为野生动物栖息地修复、城市生物多样性保护与生态安全评价提供重要参考。

Wildlife habitat protection project is the key measure to alleviate the gradual disappearance and fragmentation of wildlife and their living environment in the process of urbanization.Conducting wildlife habitat restoration effectiveness evaluation can provide scientific support for its later main⁃tenance and management which is an effective mechanism to improve the quality of habitat restoration.According to the characteristics of wildlife habitats in Shanghai,11 evaluation indicators were proposed from four aspects,namely,restora⁃tion objectives,habitat environment,biological quality and management capacity for the four typical restoration types of wet⁃lands,birds,frogs and Chinese water deer(Hydropotes inermis).The evaluation criteria and grading system were set based on hierarchical analysis and expert judgement to evaluate the effectiveness of restoration.The result showed that:(1)The proposed four types of 11 restoration evaluation indexes and criteria can accurately reflect the restoration process and effect of different special habitats in the city.(2)Among the four habitats evaluated,Pengmen Wetland,Wusongjiang Bird Habitat and Yexie Chinese Water Deer Habitat had good restoration performance,especially in terms of vegetation functionality,bio⁃diversity and management effectiveness;however,the restoration effect of Dalianhu Frog Habitat was poor and the ex⁃pected outcome was not achieved.(3)Urban habitat restoration needs to focus on the integrity of habitat quality,prevent the invasion risk of alien species and improve the level of management.This study can provide an important reference for wildlife habitat restoration in megacities,urban biodiversity conservation and ecological security evaluation.