华南虎染色体核型分析及带型模式建立研究

Study on Karyotype and Banding Pattern of South China Tiger

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养及G带染色体标本制作技术,研究和分析华南虎(Panthera tigris amoyensis)染色体的核型和带型。结果表明:华南虎二倍体染色体数为2n=38条,其中常染色体18对,性染色体1对。常染色体按相对长度从长到短依次编号为1~18。根据着丝粒指数可将华南虎染色体分为4组,即A组(m),包括2、5、13、18和X;B组(Sm),包括1、4、7、8、9、10、11、12、14、17和Y;C组(St),包括3、6;D组(t),包括15、16。核型公式为8(m)+20(Sm)+4(St)+4(t),XY(m,Sm)/XX(m,m)。本研究成功制备了华南虎染色体核型标本,初步建立了华南虎染色体G带核型模式图谱。经比对,发现华南虎与东北虎(P. t. altaica)染色体核型存在明显差异,可为虎亚种的分类研究提供依据,同时能为华南虎种群基因多样性及遗传学研究提供新的参考和开辟新的途径。

The karyotype and banding pattern of south China tiger(Panthera tigris amoyensis)were studied and analyzed by using peripheral blood lymphocyte culture and G-banding chromosome specimen preparation techniques.The results showed that the diploid chromosome number of south China tiger was 2n=38,including 18 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes.Autosomes were numbered from 1 to 18 according to their relative length.According to the centro⁃mere index,the chromosomes of south China tiger could be divided into four groups,namely group A(m),including 2,5,13,18 and X;group B(Sm),including 1,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,17 and Y;group C(St),including 3 and 6;group D(t),including 15 and 16.The karyotype formula was 8(m)+20(Sm)+4(St)+4(t),XY(m,Sm)/XX(m,m).In this study,we successfully prepared the karyotype specimen of south China tiger,and preliminarily established the G-band karyotype map of south China tiger.Through comparison,it is found that the karyotypes of south China tiger and Amur tiger(P.t.al⁃taica)are significantly different,which can provide evidence for the taxonomic study of tiger subspecies,and provide new reference and approach for the study of genetic diversity and genetics of south China tiger population.