熟人社会、阶层分化与共振的公共空间——一个理解阶层意识形成的微观经验

Acquaintance Society,Class Differentiation and Resonance of Public Space----A Micro Experience Narrative to Understand the Formation of Class Consciousness

基于东莞芳村的微观经验叙事,探讨既已分化为不同阶层的村民在其同属的熟人社会中形成阶层意识甚至阶层行动是如何可能的。第一,熟人社会的某种特质为阶层互动提供了天然便利,该特质即高度共振的公共空间。第二,公共空间在熟人社会中由以人情为代表的公共生活、以广场为代表的公共场所、以集体成员为代表的公共政治经济身份、以面子为代表的公共价值等元素组成。第三,熟人社会的阶层差别直观可视、阶层互动不可避免,公共空间的高度共振性将阶层差别通过阶层互动强制性渗透到熟人社会的日常生活并参与公共规则的再生产。第四,如果分化的阶层结构趋于固化,弱势阶层失落感和强势阶层优越感的阶层意识将会在直观差别和强制互动中形成和积累。第五,这组对立的阶层意识成为熟人社会客观存在的政治风险,并可能以阶层冲突的形式释放其对立性。

Based on the micro-experience narrative of Fangcun Village in Dongguan,the purpose of this study is to explore how it is possible for villagers who have been divided into different strata to form class consciousness and even class actions in their acquaintance society.The study found that,first of all,a certain characteristic of the acquaintance society provides natural convenience for class interaction,which is a highly resonant public space.Secondly,in the acquaintance society,public space is composed of public life represented by human relations,public place represented by squares,public political and economic identity represented by collective members,and public value represented by face.Thirdly,the stratum differences in acquaintance society are visual and visual,and the stratum interaction is inevitable.The high resonance of public space forces the stratum difference and stratum interaction into the daily life of the acquaintance society and participates in the reproduction of public rules.Fourth,if the differentiated class structure tends to solidify,the class consciousness of the loss of the weak class and the sense of superiority of the strong class will form and accumulate in intuitive differences and forced interaction.Finally,this set of opposing class consciousness becomes an objective political risk of acquaintance society,and may release its opposition in the form of class conflict.