个性、知识与交往——赫勒日常生活理论对中国现代化建设的主体要素支持

Personality,Knowledge and Communication——The Support of Heller’s Everyday Theory for the Subject Elements of China’Modernization

在赫勒看来,日常生活领域属于“自在的”类本质对象化范畴,而主体应追求由自在自发的生存状态向自由自觉的发展状态的转变,即由“自在的”类本质对象化向“自为的”类本质对象化的转变。具体来看,主体的这种转变体现在三个方面:由作为个人“自在存在”的特性向作为个体“自为存在”的个性的转变;由作为个人“自在存在”的日常知识向作为主体“自为存在”的理论知识的转变;由作为个人“自在存在”的日常交往向作为主体生成“自为个性”的交往的转变。而日常生活中主体这三个方面的转变对人的现代化具有重要意义,在某种程度上可以为中国的现代化建设提供主体要素的支持。

In Heller’s view,the sphere of everyday life belongs to the category of species-essential objectivations“in itself”,but the subject should pursue a transition from spontaneous state of existence to free and conscious state of development,that is the transition from the species-essential objectivations“in itself”to the speciesessential objectivations“for itself”.Specifically,this transition of the subject can be embodied in three aspects:the transition from the characteristic of being an individual’s“existence in itself”to the personality of being an individual’s“existence for itself”;the transition from the daily knowledge of being an individual’s“existence in itself”to the theoretical knowledge of the subject’s“existence for itself”;the transition from daily communication as an individual’s“existence in itself”to the communication of generating subject’s“personality for itself”.The changes in these three aspects of the subject in everyday life are of great significance to the modernization of human beings,and can provide support for the subject elements of China’s modernization to a certain extent.