槭树分子标记研究进展综述

Literature Review on the Research Progress of Molecular Markers of Acer Species

槭树(Acer L.)属槭树科,是世界范围内普遍使用的观赏树种,其品种丰富、种类繁多、用途广泛,具备很好的观赏价值、药用价值和用材价值。槭属植物不同种之间在物质组成上差异较大,因此某一种方法也许仅适用于某种或某类材料,想要找到相适宜的分子标记技术,应依据研究的应用目的及其研究对象不断地摸索、进步,从而选择既简单又可靠的DNA分子标记技术。现在已有数十种DNA分子标记技术,目前常用的分子标记方法有RFLP、RAPD、AFLP、SSR、ISSR、ITS、SRAP、SNP等,同时各种技术的结合使用也越来越受到重视。为了更有效的利用和保护槭属植物种质资源,使用分子标记技术对槭属进行遗传多样性分析、主成分分析、相关性分析和聚类分析等,以此有效对槭属植物进行遗传多样性和亲缘关系的研究分析、遗传图谱的构建、建立DNA指纹库、基因定位以及分子标记辅助育种等方面的研究应用。目前分子标记在槭属植物上的应用愈发广泛,技术也愈加成熟,但其存在的问题也无法忽视,在对槭属植物的分子标记技术应用的现状与目前存在的问题进行了探讨分析之后,对未来分子标记技术在槭属植物的研究方向这一重要目标提出了展望。

The Acer belongs to the Aceraceae family,It is a widely used ornamental tree worldwide,There are many varieties,types,Widely used,and it also has good ornamental value,medicinal value and material value.There are great differences in material composition among different Acer species,so a certain method may only be applicable to one or a certain type of material,In order to find the appropriate molecular marker technology,we should explore and improve constantly according to the application purpose of the research and the research object,so as to choose the simple and reliable DNA molecular marker technology.At present,there are dozens of DNA molecular marker technologies,and the commonly used molecular marker methods include RFLP,RAPD,AFLP,SSR,ISSR,ITS,SRAP,SNP,etc.At the same time,the combined use of various technologies is also getting more and more attention.In order to effectively utilize and protect the Acer germplasm resources,molecular marker technology was used to genetic diversity analysis,principal component analysis,correlation analysis and cluster analysis of Acer.In this way,the study and analysis of genetic diversity and relationship,the construction of genetic map,the establishment of DNA fingerprint database,gene mapping and molecular mark-assisted breeding of Acer were effectively applied.At present the application of molecular markers in Acer increasingly extensive,technology is also more and more mature,but also cannot ignore the problems existing in the Acer.After analyzing the current situation and existing problems of molecular marker technology in Acer plants,molecular marker technology in the plants of Acer in the future research direction of this important goal put forward outlook.