从全球经济特区发展看深圳经济特区的异质性

The Heterogeneity of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone in the Light of the Development of Global Special Economic Zones

全球范围内,约有3/4的国家拥有形式各异的经济特区。作为经济特区最成功的案例之一,深圳经济特区备受瞩目,也是全球最为特殊的经济特区之一。本文从全球经济特区发展的角度,选取了特区数量较多的几个国家,包括美国、波兰、菲律宾、印度以及肯尼亚,梳理了各国经济特区发展现状、管理机构、优惠政策、对外经济发展效果等。在此基础上,从对外贸易和利用外来投资的角度,讨论了深圳经济特区在地理位置、历史背景、政策内涵等方面的异质性,指出了经济特区的关键政策内涵,并分析了深圳经验的可复制性。

Globally,about three-quarters of the countries have established special economic zones(SEZs)of various forms.As one of the most successful cases of SEZs,Shenzhen SEZ attracts much attention and is also one of the most exceptional SEZs in the world.From the perspective of global SEZ development,this paper selects several countries with a large number of SEZs,including the United States,Poland,the Philippines,India,and Kenya,and sorts out the characteristics of their SEZ development status,management institutions,preferential policies,and foreign economic development effects.On this basis,this paper discusses the heterogeneity of Shenzhen SEZ in terms of its geographical location,historical background,and policy connotations from the perspective of foreign trade and utilization of foreign investment,points out the key policy connotations of SEZ,and analyzes the replicability of the Shenzhen experience.