靶场光电测量设备发展现状及展望

Development Status and Prospect of Photoelectric Measurement Equipment in Test Range

靶场光电测量设备利用光学成像采集飞行目标信息,经误差修正、时空配准、交汇计算等处理可以得到所需的目标参数,是航天器发射回收测控系统中的重要组成部分,也被广泛应用于军事目标的探测中。为了应对复杂测量条件和多样化被测目标带来的挑战,在确保靶场光电测量设备高精度轨迹测量、高分辨成像能力的同时,对其提出了获取信息多元化、测量波段多样化、多平台机动布站等更多任务需求。我国靶场光电测量设备长足发展,整体性能得到了大幅提升。以中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所精密仪器与装备研发中心团队近年来在靶场光电测量设备的研制工作为基础,对红外辐射特性测量、结构轻量化设计、光雷一体化测量等多项关键技术的发展历程和现状进行了详细介绍,总结了靶场光电测量设备在多信息获取、探测波段扩展、测量精度提高、设备机动性提升和多平台匹配融合等方面的研究进展,讨论了靶场光电测量设备当前仍然存在的技术难点,并展望了相关技术未来的发展方向。

Significance Based on optical imaging and photoelectric detection,the range optical measurement system which includes the optical,mechanical and electronic components,can be used as an integrated equipment to measure and record the trajectory and attitude of the flight targets,the infrared radiation characteristics,and visible light features of the targets.The photoelectric measuring equipment,mainly represented by photoelectric theodolites,is the earliest and one of the most basic measuring equipment applied in the range.With the gradual expansion of the spatial area and the increase in frequency of space activities in recent years,the contradiction between increasingly frequent missions and limited manpower is becoming more and more prominent.There are urgent requirements for the improvement of the measurement capability for range optoelectronic measurement equipment.Under the premise of ensuring high-precision measurement and highresolution imaging capability,the new generation of the single-station measuring equipment prefer to have the capabilities to acquire more information on target characteristics,to compatible multiple platforms,and have stronger mobility.As one of the most important teams with a long history and strong capabilities in the development of range optoelectronic measurement equipment in China,the team of the Fine instrument and equipment RD center,Changchun institute of optics,fine mechanics and physics(CIOMP),Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),has been committed to improving the comprehensive ability and efficiency of the photoelectric equipment.Recently,the main research works focus on a number of key technologies,such as infrared radiation characteristics measurement,structure lightweight design and integrated optical and radar measurement.The overall ability of the photoelectric theodolites has been improved in terms of expansion of the measurement band,measurement information acquisition,multi-platform adaptability.This paper summarizes the current status and research progress of the technology related to range optoelectronic measurement equipment.Progress This paper summarizes the research progress of a number of key technologies,such as infrared radiation characteristics measurement,structure lightweight design,integrated optical and radar measurement in optoelectronic measurement equipment,based on the relevant work of the team in the fine instrument and equipment RD center of CIOMP CAS.Firstly,an infrared radiation characteristics measurement technique is introduced that is different from thetraditional image feature recognition. It includes five infrared radiometriccalibration techniques (Fig.2), atmospheric transmission correction, a selfdevelopedatmospheric parameter calculation software, and a new process tomeasure target infrared characteristic (Fig.3). The current status of related researchworks and the challenges faced by future development are summarized. Secondly,the lightweight design technology of the range optoelectronic measurementequipment is described. Three lightweight design methods are introduced for therange optoelectronic measurement equipment, including the main reflector whichis the main component for the optical imaging system (Fig.5-Fig.6), mechanicalstructures such as support components (Fig.7-Fig.13). In addition to considering itsconventional mechanical properties, it is also necessary to ensure minimal surfaceaberration from the optical design point of view. The dynamic properties of theequipment should be considered for the purpose of transportation. Finally,integrated optical and radar measurement techniques are discussed. Two opticaland radar integration schemes of building block architecture (Fig.15) and commonaperture (Fig.16) are summarized. The optical-radar integrated detectionmechanism can obtain new data outputs, enhance the observation capability ofground-based optoelectronic equipment, and achieve multiple sources of targetinformation via fuse detection.Conclusions and Prospects The range optoelectronic measurement equipmentuses optical imaging information to obtain flight information of the target. Thetarget parameters can be further analyzed after the procedure of error correction,space-time alignment, intersection calculation, and corresponding data processing.These are the important procedures for the measurement and control system of thespacecraft launch and recovery, and the detection of multiple type of militarytargets. The main development trends of the current optoelectronic measurementequipment include the ease of usage and flexibility, the price-quality ratio of singlestationequipment, the infrared radiation characteristics measurement capability,lightweight design, and light-radar integration measurement.In order to meet the challenges of the complexity of measurement conditions andthe diversity of measured targets, optoelectronic measurement equipment needs tobe able to face diversification of information acquisition, diversification ofmeasurement bands, and multi-platform mobile station deployment, while ensuringthe high precision measurement and high-resolution imaging capability. Based onthe existing demand of range measurement, promoting the progress anddevelopment of the aforementioned technologies can promote the integrity,convenient operation and reliable use of range optoelectronic measurementequipment. These factors are of great significance for enhancing the capability ofrange optoelectronic measurement equipment.