新型灵活性资源市场机制研究——面向高比例可再生能源系统

Study of Market Mechanisms for New Flexibility Resources——Towards a High Percentage Renewable Power System

高比例新能源电力系统的建设是应对气候变化、完成“双碳”目标的必然选择,能够平抑新能源波动性的灵活性资源将在其中扮演着越来越重要的角色,而目前中国电力市场处于初级阶段,缺少适应新型灵活性资源参与交易的市场机制,难以充分发挥其作用。为此,概述包括需求响应和虚拟电厂在内的新型灵活性资源的特征、分类和目前的发展规模,并以美国、英国、德国和澳大利亚电力市场为例,从参与主体范围、市场准入门槛、定价机制、提供服务类型和结算方式等方面,对需求响应和虚拟电厂参与电力市场的机制进行分析,并进一步分析完善中国新型灵活性资源参与电力市场机制的机遇与挑战。分析表明,中国应在相关标准和规范中明确新型灵活性资源市场主体地位;根据灵活性资源参与市场的成熟程度因地制宜、因时制宜地调整市场准入门槛;推动市场竞价机制,不断完善市场出清模型,从而充分发挥市场整合优化资源配置的作用,促进新型灵活性资源参与电力市场,提高电力系统的灵活性。

The construction of a high percentage renewable energy power system is an inevitable choice to cope with climate change and achieve the“dual carbon”goals.Flexibility resources that can smooth the variability of renewable energies play an increasingly important role in the power system.However,China’s electricity market is currently in its infancy,lacking market mechanisms to accommodate the participation of these new flexible resources,making it difficult to give full play to its role.To this end,this paper outlined the characteristics,classification and current development scale of new flexibility resources represented by demand response and virtual power plants,and presented the current status of mechanisms for new flexibility resources to participate in the electricity market,using the US,UK,German and Australian electricity markets as examples.This paper analyzed the current status of participation of electrochemical energy storage,demand response and virtual power plants in typical foreign electricity markets in terms of the scope of participating entities,market entry threshold,different pricing mechanisms in energy market,capacity market and ancillary service market,types of services provided,and settlement methods.And on the basis of describing the policy objectives,current market mechanisms of new flexibility resources in the electricity market of China,and the analysis results of typical foreign electricity markets,the opportunities and challenges for further improving the participation mechanism of new flexibility resources in the electricity market in China were pointed out.The analysis shows that China should clarify the status of market subjects of new flexibility resources in standards and specifications,adjust the market access threshold according to the maturity of flexibility resources’participation in the market according to local conditions and time,and promote pricing and settlement through the market mechanism,while continuously improving the market clearing model.So as to give full play to market mechanism’s ability to integrate and optimize the allocation of flexibility resources,promote the participation of new flexibility resources in the electricity market,and improve the flexibility of the power system.