嘉戎语卓克基话的关系句结构

Relative Clauses in Cogtse Rgyalrong

本文考察汉藏语系嘉戎语组四土嘉戎语卓克基方言(以下称“卓克基话”)语篇材料,对关系句结构进行系统化的分析。本文尝试以Dixon(2010:17章)讨论关系句结构的格局和概念框架来呈现卓克基话的关系句结构。基本的概念大致与普遍的关系句分析相去不远,只是信息的组织呈现略有差异,而且不再使用“中心语”来界定关系小句所修饰的名词。卓克基话关系小句的标记为名物化前缀,区分限定与非限定二类。关系句与主要小句之共享论元(CA,即关系小句修饰的名词短语)在关系小句中可以是核心论元,也可以是旁格论元;可以在关系小句或主要小句中完全体现。卓克基话限定关系小句的一个有别于其他嘉戎语组语言的重要特点,就是不会按共享论元的语法关系而使用不同的关系小句句式或关系化标记。共享论元于关系小句完全体现时,经常位于句首表达“话题化”或“焦点化”的功能。而“话题化”有可能是卓克基话共享论元在关系小句中完全体现的一个主要动机。本文除了描写卓克基话关系句结构的形式,也对其功能、语法语用的支配原则,以及可能的演变轨迹有诸多的探讨。

The present paper investigates relative clauses(henceforth RCs)in the Cogtse dialect of Rgyalrong(henceforth Cogtse),grounding its analysis on the framework and notions as proposed by Dixion(2010:Chp.17).Cogtse has both finite and non-finite RC,all marked with a nominalizer.The Common Argument(henceforth CA)can be core or oblique argument in the RC,and can be realized fully in the RC or the main clause.Cogtse RCs differ from those in the other Rgyalrongic languages in that the former do not vary structurally for the different grammatical relations of the CA.When fully realized in the RC,the CA often occurs sentence-initially and serves as the topic or focus of the sentence;thus topicalization can be a major motive for the CA to be fully realized in the RC.In addition to laying out the structural characteristics of Cogtse RCs,the present paper also discusses related functional and pragmatic principles,as well as possible diachronic evolutions.