“砍大山”考源

Tracing to the Motivation of Kan Dashan(砍大山)

文章就“砍大山”一词的语源进行了探求分析。认为历史文献中可充分证明“砍”有动词性的“说话、闲谈”义,该用法乃受“敲击义动词十口齿类名词”这种组合表义的沾染而来,受山咸摄合流的影响,文献中或被记作“侃”。同时结合对“磕”的考察,为这一词义产生路径提供了相关平行证据。而“山”之本字则当为“训”,表示戏谴调笑、无根据地乱说,由于它与“砍”的组合是一种并列复合结构,故其在北京话中早期的语序并不固定。“砍大山”的形式则是人们不明语源进行理据重构的结果。

This paper explores and analyzes the etymology of the word Kan Dashan(砍大山).It is argued that Kan(砍)denotes the meaning of“talking and chatting"in historical documents.The usage of Kan(砍)is triggered by the combination of“percussive verb+oral noun".Influenced by the merge of Shan and Xian,Kan can be be represented using the character侃.At the same time,considering the evolutionof Ke(磕),this paper provides parallel evidence for the evolutionary path of the meaning of this word.However,the original character for Shan should beill,which means joking,teasing and nonsense.Because the combination of Shan(ill)and Kan(砍)is a kind of compound structure,its word order in early Beijing dialect is not fixed.The form of Kan Dashan(砍大山)is the result of the reconstruction of motivation done by people who do not have the knowledge of its etymological development.