枇杷采后冷害发生机制及其预防技术研究进展

Research Progress on Development and Prevention of Chilling Injury on Postharvest Loquat Fruits

冷藏是减少枇杷果实采后衰变、保持品质以延长其果品供应期的最有效方法之一。枇杷果实在冷藏过程中很容易发生冷害,出现果实褐变和凹陷等冷害症状,造成品质劣变,带来经济损失,研究枇杷果实冷害发生机制与预防技术,对枇杷保鲜贮藏及冷链运输具有重要指导意义。本文综述了枇杷果实冷害的影响因素、冷害症状、枇杷冷害发生过程中的生理代谢变化的研究进展,包括冷害对细胞膜系统、活性氧代谢、可溶性糖代谢、呼吸和乙烯代谢等的影响;概述了枇杷果实采后冷害发生的分子调控机制;总结了预防枇杷冷害的技术措施,包括低温预贮、热处理、化学物质、生物材料等,同时对减轻冷害发生的新技术及未来研究方向进行了展望,旨在为枇杷果实采后的保鲜贮运提供理论指导,也为今后进一步深入对枇杷冷害的研究提出方向。

Cold storage is the most effective method to reduce postharvest decay and maintain quality of loquat fruit.However,loquat fruit is susceptible to chilling injury during cold storage,accompanied with chilling injury symptoms such as fruit browning and pitting,resulting in quality deterioration and economic loss.Therefore,the study on the mechanism of chilling damage and prevention in loquat fruit has important guiding significance for preservation,storage and cold chain transportation of loquat fruit.This article identifies the affecting factors,major symptoms,physiological metabolic changes,and molecular regulatory mechanisms associated with the injury in loquat fruit,including the effects of cold damage on cell membrane system,reactive oxygen metabolism,soluble sugar metabolism,respiration and ethylene metabolism,etc.It also shows the molecular regulatory mechanism of post-harvest cold damage in loquat fruit,and summarises the technical measures to prevent cold damage in loquat fruit,including low-temperature pre-storage,heat treatment,chemical substances and biological materials.The aim is to provide theoretical guidance for the post-harvest preservation and storage of loquat fruit,and to propose directions for further research on cold damage of loquat in the future.