黑鱼整皮剥离系统切割刀具工作参数优化与试验

Optimization and test of the working parameters of the cutting disc for the whole-skin peeling system of snakehead

为降低黑鱼整皮剥取过程中鱼皮损伤,提高鱼皮完整度,该研究以“杭鳢1号”黑鱼为试验对象,对刀具工作参数进行优化。以切割刀片的齿形构造、旋转方向、刀片直径、刀片厚度、刀片转速为主要因素,在自行搭建的黑鱼整皮剥离装置上进行单因素试验与正交试验,研究各因素对切割质量、切口损伤程度及鱼皮损伤的影响。单因素试验结果表明:采用无齿圆形刀片、反向切割、刀片直径为60~100 mm、厚度为1.2~1.8mm之间、转速为2 500~3 500 r/min时切割效果较好,切口整齐平滑,切割过程对切口损伤小,切口质量感官评分及切割指数分值较高。正交试验结果表明,影响切口感官评分因素依次为:切割刀片直径、刀片厚度、刀片转速;影响切口切割指数因素依次为:刀片直径、刀片转速、刀片厚度;刀片直径80 mm、刀片厚度1.2 mm、刀片转速3 000 r/min时,切口感官评分及切割指数分值最高。对优化试验结果进行验证试验,切口光滑平整,无明显损伤,切口感官评分达到9.30分,切割指数可达9.15,符合黑鱼剥皮的工艺要求。该研究可为鱼类整皮自动化剥离系统研制提供参考。

This study aims to reduce the damage to fish skin during the whole-skin peeling process.The integrity of the whole fish skin can also be achieved after peeling.A single-factor orthogonal test was carried out to optimize the cutting disc parameters in the self-built whole-skin peeling device of snakehead.Test results showed that the parameters of the cutting disc posed a significant effect on the whole-skin peeling process of snakehead.In addition,the cutting steps greatly contributed to the subsequent separation steps during skin and flesh peeling.Hence,the cutting disc parameters indirectly dominated the development of the fish industry.Taking snakehead with the typical morphological characteristics as the testing object,a systematic investigation was made to determine the relationships between the cutting performance and the cutting disc parameters in the cutting tests.Sensory evaluation and cutting index were used as the evaluation criteria,indicating the cutting quality and the injury degree of fish skin.Specifically,the higher the sensory score was,the higher the deep processing value of the fish skin was obtained.The cutting index represented the loss of fish skin after cutting,where the higher the cutting index was,the less waste of fish skin was.The testing factors were set as the cutting disc tooth structure(skewed,straight,and toothless cutting disc),and cutting disc rotation direction(consequent cutting and converse cutting).An optimal combination was achieved in the range of cutting disc diameter,thickness,and rotational speed were 60-140 mm,1.0-2.0 mm,and 1500-3500 r/min,according to the equipment parameters and the morphological characteristics of the snakehead.Some factors with a significant influence in the single-factor test were selected for the orthogonal test.The single-factor test showed that the toothless cutting disc performed the best cutting performance,and the converse cutting was better than the consequent cutting.When the cutting discs with a diameter range of 60-100 mm were used,the cut of the fish skin was smooth and the cutting index presented a relatively high value after cutting.The optimal range of cutting disc thickness was 1.2-1.8 mm,leading to the high cutting index value and sensory evaluation score.Furthermore,the low rotation speed was used to prevent the fish skin from being cut through completely under the same conditions.As such,the cutting effect was gradually improved,as the rotation speed increased.The orthogonal test showed that the diameter and thickness of the cutting disc were the primary factors for the sensory evaluation,whereas,the diameter and rotation speed of the cutting disc were the primary factors for the cutting index.The best parameters were achieved in the cutting process of the whole skin peeling for the snakehead:the cutting disc diameter,thickness,and rotation speed were 80 mm,1.2 mm,and 3000 r/min,respectively.The parameter optimization tests demonstrated that the cutting disc with the optimal parameter combination performed the best in the validation test on the whole-skin peeling device of snakehead,indicating the excellent cutting effect.Specifically,there were smooth incisions without outstanding damage,while the sensory score of the incision reached 9.30 points and the cutting index reached 9.15.The cutting disc with the optimal parameter combination fully met the process requirements of whole-skin peeling of snakehead.The finding can provide theoretical support for the development of the whole fish skin peeling device.