元代中州文士北上与文坛格局演进

The Northward Movement of Zhongzhou Scholars in Yuan Dynastyand the Evolution of Literary Landscape

元代中州文士北上两都的历程是南北统合过程中北方士人经历的缩影,体现了元代文士活动中心地位的转移与文坛格局的演进。蒙元初期北方文士在疆域征服、治理过程中大放异彩,苏门山文人群体的学术、事功奠定了程朱之学作为官学的地位,并决定了元代“通经显文”的创作取向。而在元中后期,南方文士逐渐成为元廷中汉族文臣的主要构成,中州文士进入两都核心圈层的数量大减。中州文士地位升降与元代北方文士地位演变的整体态势变化相符。南方士人逐渐把握文柄,文士活动群体中心、地域中心发生转移,文坛出现裂变,由整到散,诗文风气、文学思想的多元化、地域性进一步增强。

The process of Zhongzhou scholars moving north to the two capitals in Yuan Dynasty is the epitome of the northern scholars’experience in the process of the integration of the North and the south,which reflects the shift of the center of scholars’activity and the evolution of literary landscape in Yuan Dynasty.In the early period of Mongolian Yuan Dynasty,the northern scribes made great achievements in the process of conquering and managing the territory.The academic achievements and achievements of the Sumen Mountain literati group established the status of Cheng and Zhu’s study as an official study,and determined the creative orientation of“revealing the classics and writing”in the Yuan Dynasty.However,in the middle and late Yuan Dynasty,southern scholars gradually became the main composition of Han scholars in the Yuan Court,and the number of Zhongzhou scholars entering the core circle of both cities decreased greatly.The rise and fall of the status of scribes in Zhongzhou was consistent with the overall trend change of the status of scribes in the north of Yuan Dynasty.The scholars in the South gradually grasped the literary handle,and the group center and the regional center of the activities of the scholars shifted,and the literary circle was split.From integration to dispersion,the culture of poetry and literature and the diversification and regionalism of literary thoughts were further strengthened.